Tetrabromomethane
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| Tetrabromomethane | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name | Tetrabromomethane Carbon tetrabromide |
| Other names | Methane tetrabromide, Carbon bromide, R-10B4, UN 2516 |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| PubChem | |
| EINECS number | |
| RTECS number | FG4725000 |
| SMILES | C(Br)(Br)(Br)Br |
| InChI | InChI=1/CBr4/c2-1(3,4)5 |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | CBr4 |
| Molar mass | 331.63 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless solid |
| Density | 3.42 g/cm3
2.961 g.cm-3 at 100 °C (liquid) |
| Melting point |
91.0 °C |
| Boiling point |
189.5 °C |
| Solubility in water | Insoluble |
| Vapor pressure | 5.33 kPa at 96.3 °C |
| Structure | |
| Crystal structure | Monoclinic |
| Molecular shape | Tetrahedral |
| Hazards | |
| EU classification | Irritant (Xi) |
| NFPA 704 |
|
| R-phrases | R37/38, R41 |
| S-phrases | S26, S36 |
| Flash point | Non-flammable |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references | |
Tetrabromomethane, CBr4, also known as carbon tetrabromide, is a carbon bromide. Both names are acceptable under IUPAC nomenclature, depending on whether it is considered as an organic or an inorganic compound.
Physical properties
Tetrabromomethane has two allotropes: crystaline II below 46.9 °C (320.0 K) and crystalline I above 46.9 °C. Monoclinic allotrope has space group C2/c with lattice constants: a = 20.9, b = 12.1, c = 21.2 (.10-1 nm), β = 110.5°.[1] Bond energy of C-Br is 235 kJ.mol-1.[1]
Due to its symmetrically substituted tetrahedral structure, its dipole moment is 0 Debye. Critical temperature is 439 °C (712 K) and critical pressure is 4.26 MPa.[1]
Chemical reactions
In combination with triphenylphosphine, CBr4 is used in the Appel reaction, which converts alcohols to alkyl bromides. It is significantly less stable than lighter tetrahalomethanes.
It is prepared by methane bromination using HBr or Br2. It can be also prepared by more economical reaction of tetrachloromethane with aluminium bromide at 100 °C.[1]
Uses
It is used as a solvent for greases, waxes and oils, in plastic and rubber industry for blowing and vulcanization, further for polymerization, as a sedative and as an intermediate in manufacturing agrochemicals. Due to its non-flammability it is used as an ingredient in fire resistant chemicals. It is also used for separating minerals because of its high density.
References
See also
- Haloalkane
- Halomethane
- Bromomethane
- Dibromomethane
- Bromoform (Tribromomethane)
- Tetrafluoromethane
- Carbon tetrachloride (Tetrachloromethane)
- Carbon tetraiodide (Tetraiodomethane)
External links
- International Chemical Safety Card 0474
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards 0106
- MSDS at sciencelab.comTemplate:Organohalide-stub
de:Tetrabrommethan fi:Hiilitetrabromidi
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
