Superior gluteal artery

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Artery: Superior gluteal artery
Left gluteal region, showing surface markings for arteries and sciatic nerve.
Latin	arteria glutea superior
Gray's	subject #155 622
Supplies	Gluteus maximus muscle, Piriformis muscle, Tensor fasciae latae
Source	Internal iliac artery
Vein	Superior gluteal veins
Dorlands / Elsevier	a_61/12154426

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The superior gluteal artery (gluteal artery) is the largest branch of the internal iliac artery, and appears to be the continuation of the posterior division of that vessel.

It is a short artery which runs backward between the lumbosacral trunk and the first sacral nerve, and, passing out of the pelvis above the upper border of the Piriformis, immediately divides into a superficial and a deep branch.

Within the pelvis it gives off a few branches to the Iliacus, Piriformis, and Obturator internus, and just previous to quitting that cavity, a nutrient artery which enters the ilium.

Superficial branch

The superficial branch enters the deep surface of the Glutæus maximus, and divides into numerous branches, some of which supply the muscle and anastomose with the inferior gluteal, while others perforate its tendinous origin, and supply the integument covering the posterior surface of the sacrum, anastomosing with the posterior branches of the lateral sacral arteries.

Deep branch

The deep branch lies under the Glutæus medius and almost immediately subdivides into two.

Of these, the superior division, continuing the original course of the vessel, passes along the upper border of the Glutæus minimus to the anterior superior spine of the ilium, anastomosing with the deep iliac circumflex artery and the ascending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery.

The inferior division crosses the Glutæus minimus obliquely to the greater trochanter, distributing branches to the Glutæi and anastomoses with the lateral femoral circumflex artery.

Some branches pierce the Glutæus minimus and supply the hip-joint.

See also

• Inferior gluteal artery

Additional images

Left Levator ani from within.

The arteries of the pelvis.

The arteries of the gluteal and posterior femoral regions.

Dissection of side wall of pelvis showing sacral and pudendal plexuses.

External links

• Superior+gluteal+artery at eMedicine Dictionary
• SUNY Labs 43:13-0105 - "The Female Pelvis: Branches of Internal Iliac Artery"

This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.

v • d • e Arteries of torso - abdomen
AA: Anterior	celiac left gastric splenic: pancreatic branches (arteria pancreatica magna) – short gastric – left gastro-omental common hepatic: proper hepatic (cystic), right gastric, gastroduodenal (right gastro-omental, superior pancreaticoduodenal) SMA inferior pancreaticoduodenal – intestinal – ileocolic (appendicular) – right colic – middle colic IMA left colic – sigmoid – superior rectal – marginal
AA: Posterior	visceral: middle suprarenal – renal (inferior suprarenal) – testicular/ovarian parietal: inferior phrenic (superior suprarenal) – lumbar – median sacral terminal: common iliac (IIA, EIA)
IIA: Anterior	umbilical (superior vesical, to ductus deferens) – inferior vesical – middle rectal – uterine (azygos of the vagina) – vaginal – obturator (anterior branch, posterior branch) – internal pudendal (inferior rectal, perineal, artery of the urethral bulb, urethral, deep artery of the penis, dorsal artery of the penis) – inferior gluteal (accompanying of ischiadic nerve, crucial anastomosis)
IIA: Posterior	iliolumbar – lateral sacral – superior gluteal
EIA	inferior epigastric (cremasteric) – deep circumflex iliac