Phosphatidylinositol
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Phosphatidylinositol (abbreviated PtdIns, or PI) is a minor phospholipid component in the cytosolic side of eukaryotic cell membranes. Being an amphiphile, this molecule possesses polymorphic behaviour, that is currently a topic of research in academic study.
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Composition
Phosphatidylinositol is a class of phospholipid, which is made up of glycerol, fatty acid and the base is replaced by a hexahydric alcohol namely inositol.
This hexahydric alcohol exists as its stereoisomer - myo-inositol.
Upon hydrolysis, they yield 1 mole of glycerol, 2 moles of fatty acid, 1 mole of inositol and 1, 2, or 3 moles of phosphoric acids.
They are regarded to be the most acidic of all the phospholipids.
Phosphorylation
It is the substrate for a large number of enzymes which are involved in cell signaling because it can be phosphorylated by a variety of kinases on the hydroxyl groups 3, 4 and 5 on the inositol ring in seven different combinations.
Hydroxyl group two and six can probably not be phosphoroylated because of steric hindrance.
All seven variations have been found in animals but only six in plant cells (not phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate.[1].
References
- ↑ Muller-Roeber B, Pical C; ', (2002). Inositol Phospholipid Metabolism in Arabidopsis. Characterized and Putative Isoforms of Inositol Phospholipid Kinase and Phosphoinositide-Specific Phospholipase C.
See also
- PI 3-kinase
- Inositol phosphate
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate
- Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate
- Phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate
- Phosphatidylinositol (3,5)-bisphosphate
- Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate
- Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate
- Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate
- inositol pentakisphosphate
- inositol hexaphosphate
- inositol triphosphate receptor
Additional images
Phosphatidyl-Inositol.png
Phosphatidyl-inositol |
Inositol chair.png
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External links
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Lipids: phospholipids | |
|---|---|
| Glycerol backbone (Glycerophospholipids/ Phosphoglycerides) | Phosphatidyl-: -ethanolamine/cephalin - -choline/lechithin (dipalmitoyl-) - -serine - -glycerol - -inositol (glyco-)
phosphatidylinositol phosphates: PIP1 - PIP2 (3,4, 3,5, 4,5) - PIP3 Ether lipids: Plasmalogen (Platelet-activating factor) |
| Sphingosine backbone | Sphingomyelin |
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
