Patent ductus arteriosus echocardiography
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2], Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3], Ramyar Ghandriz MD[4]Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [5]
Overview
Echocardiogram is the non-invasive method and can diagnose patent ductus arteriosus. Echo along with doppler can be used to visualize the shunt from the aorta to the left pulmonary artery.
Echocardiography
- The PDA can usually be visualized on two-dimensional echocardiography, showing left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) enlargement.[1][2][3]
- PDA can also be assessed by doppler and color flow imaging, establishing the diagnosis and distension of a small nonpulmonary hypertensive ductus from a coronary arteriovenous fistula to the pulmonary artery.
- Doppler shows the presence of a continuous flow into the left PA and main PA trunk.
- The maximum acceleration of the blood flow is in late systole and early diastole.
- In the adult, doppler can be used to visualize the shunt from the aorta to the left pulmonary artery. [4]
PDAs can be seen on:[5]
- Suprasternal view
- High parasternal short-axis view: aim probe leftward/superior
- Transesophageal echocardiogram (often needed in adults to accurately visualize a PDA)
Functions
- Estimate the magnitude of the shunt.[6]
- Degree of left ventricular and left atrial dilation.
- Calculation of the peak pressure gradient in the PDA can be calculated with the modified Bernoulli equation.
- Associated anomalies.
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References
- ↑ Serwer GA, Armstrong BE, Anderson PA (1980). "Nonivasive detection of retrograde descending aortic flow in infants using continuous wave doppler ultrasonography. Implications for diagnosis of aortic run-off lesions". J Pediatr. 97 (3): 394–400. doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(80)80188-0. PMID 7411301.
- ↑ Cloez JL, Isaaz K, Pernot C (1986). "Pulsed Doppler flow characteristics of ductus arteriosus in infants with associated congenital anomalies of the heart or great arteries". Am J Cardiol. 57 (10): 845–51. doi:10.1016/0002-9149(86)90625-9. PMID 3962872.
- ↑ Hiraishi S, Horiguchi Y, Misawa H, Oguchi K, Kadoi N, Fujino N; et al. (1987). "Noninvasive Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of shunt flow dynamics of the ductus arteriosus". Circulation. 75 (6): 1146–53. doi:10.1161/01.cir.75.6.1146. PMID 3568325.
- ↑ Sinha, Rahul; Dalal, SS; Negi, Vandana (2013). "An interesting observation of PDA closure with oral paracetamol in preterm neonates". Journal of Clinical Neonatology. 2 (1): 30. doi:10.4103/2249-4847.109245. ISSN 2249-4847.
- ↑ Jain, Amish; Shah, Prakesh S. (2015). "Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Neonates". JAMA Pediatrics. 169 (9): 863. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0987. ISSN 2168-6203.
- ↑ Abu-Sulaiman, R. M.; Subaih, B. (2004). "Congenital Heart Disease in Infants of Diabetic Mothers: Echocardiographic Study". Pediatric Cardiology. 25 (2): 137–140. doi:10.1007/s00246-003-0538-8. ISSN 0172-0643.
- ↑ "A rare presentation of patent ductus arteriosus in an adult patient with normal pulmonary hypertension and limb edema".