Hepato-biliary diseases
(Redirected from Liver disease)
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Normal Liver
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Histopathological Findings of a Normal Liver
Viral hepatitis
- Acute hepatitis A
- Acute hepatitis B
- Acute Hepatitis D
- Acute hepatitis C
- Acute hepatitis E
- Chronic viral hepatitis
- Other viral hepatitis viruses may exist but are not so firmly established as the previous ones: hepatitis G.
Histopathological Findings in Viral hepatitis
Histopathological Findings in Viral hepatitis with Fulminant Necrosis
Liver Dysfunction in other Infectious Diseases [1] [2]
- Hepatitis:
- Cytomegalovirus infection
- Herpesviral: Herpes simplex infection
- Toxoplasmosis
- Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis
- Portal hypertension in schistosomiasis
- Liver disease in syphilis
- Epstein-Barr virus infection
- Yellow fever virus infection
- Rubella virus infection
- Leptospirosis
- Echinococcosis
- Amoebiasis
Other Inflammatory Liver Diseases
- Liver abscess
- Autoimmune hepatitis
- Primary biliary cirrhosis
- Phlebitis of the portal vein
- Granulomatous hepatitis
- Hepatic granulomas in:
Alcoholic liver disease
This may cause fatty liver, hepatitis, fibrosis and sclerosis leading to cirrhosis and finally hepatic failure.
Histopathological Findings of Alcoholic Liver Disease
Toxic Liver Disease
This includes mostly drug-induced hepatotoxicity, which may generate many different patterns over liver disease, including;
- Cholestasis
- Necrosis
- Acute hepatitis and chronic hepatitis of different forms,
- Cirrhosis
- Effects of Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
- Other rare disorders like focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatic granulomas, peliosis hepatis and veno-occlusive disease.
Liver damage is part of Reye's syndrome.
Histopathological Findings: Liver: Centrilobular Necrosis from Chloroform
Liver tumors
Malignant neoplasm of liver and intrahepatic bile ducts. The most frequent forms are metastatic malignant neoplasm of liver)
- Liver cell carcinoma
- Cholangiocarcinoma
- Hepatoblastoma
- Angiosarcoma of liver
- Kupffer cell sarcoma
- Other sarcomas of liver
Benign neoplasm of liver include hepatic hemangiomas, hepatic adenomas, and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH).
End-stage liver disease
Chronic liver diseases like chronic hepatitis, chronic alcohol abuse or chronic toxic liver disease may cause
- Hepatic failure and hepatorenal syndrome
- Fibrosis and cirrhosis of liver
Cirrhosis may also occur in primary biliary cirrhosis. Rarely, cirrhosis is congenital.
Metabolic diseases (Chapter E in ICD-10)
- Haemochromatosis
- Wilson's disease
- Gilbert's syndrome
- Crigler-Najjar syndrome
- Dubin-Johnson syndrome
- Rotor's syndrome
Vascular Disorders
- Chronic passive congestion of liver
- Central haemorrhagic necrosis of liver
- Infarction of liver
- Peliosis hepatis
- Veno-occlusive disease
- Portal hypertension
- Budd-Chiari syndrome
Cysts
- Congenital cystic disease of liver
- Cysts caused by Echinococcus
Others
Gallbladder and biliary tract diseases
- Malignant neoplasm of the gallbladder
- Malignant neoplasm of other parts of biliary tract
- Extrahepatic bile duct
- Ampulla of Vater
- Cholelithiasis
- Cholecystitis
- Others (excluding postcholecystectomy syndrome), but including
- Other obstructions of the gallbladder (like strictures
- Hydrops, perforation, fistula
- Cholesterolosis
- Biliary dyskinesia
- K83: other diseases of the biliary tract:
- Cholangitis (including ascending cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis)
- Obstruction, perforation, fistula of biliary tract
- Spasm of sphincter of Oddi
- Biliary cyst
- Biliary atresia
Diagnosis
In hepatology, important signs and symptoms include:
- History of alcohol abuse
- Liver function tests
- Hepatomegaly
- Hypoalbuminemia and ascites
- Jaundice or icterus
- Murphy's sign
- Liver biopsy
Complete Differential Diagnosis of Causes of Hepato-biliary diseases
Autoimmune, Systemic
- Amyloidosis
- Autoimmune hepatitis
- Burns
- Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
- Hodgkin's Lymphoma
- Hyperthermia
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
- Osteomyelofibrosis
- Polycythemia
- Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
- Primary sclerosing cholangitis
- Sarcoidosis
Cholestatic
Infection
- Amebiasis
- Ascaris lumbricoides
- Brucellosis
- Canine roundworm
- Coxsackie virus
- Cytomegalovirus
- Echinococcus granulosus
- Echinococcus multilocularis
- E.Coli
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Epstein-Barr Virus
- German Measles
- Hepatitis A-G
- Herpes simplex
- Human Herpesvirus Six (HHV6)
- Klebsiella
- Leptospirosis
- Liver flukes
- Malaria
- Measles
- Mumps
- Parainfluenza
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium ovale
- Plasmodium vivax
- Proteus
- Rickettsia
- Rickettsiosis
- Rubella
- Salmonella
- Schistosoma japonicum
- Schistosoma mansoni
- Schistosomiasis
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Toxoplasma gondii
- Toxoplasmosis
- Trichinella spiralis
- Trypanosoma cruzi
- Tuberculosis
- Varicella zoster
- Yellow Fever
Liver Changes
- Abscess
- Adenomas
- Alcoholic Hepatitis
- Angiosarcoma
- Autoimmune hepatitis
- Biliary hepatitis
- Cholangiocarcinoma
- Chronic viral hepatitis
- Cirrhosis
- Colon Cancer
- Cysts
- Drug-induced hepatitis
- Fatty liver
- Focal nodular hyperplasia
- Gastric carcinoma
- Granulomatous hepatitis
- Hemangiomas
- Hematoma
- Hepatitis in systemic diseases
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- Hepatomas
- Hodgkin's Lymphoma
- Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
- Pancreatic Cancer
- Postoperative hematoma
- Trauma
- Wilson's Disease
Metabolic
- Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency
- Budd-Chiari Syndrome
- Congestive Heart Failure
- Constrictive pericarditis
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Drugs, toxins
- Fructose intolerance
- Galactosemia
- Gaucher's Disease
- Glycogenosis
- Hemochromatosis
- Histiocytosis X
- Hypertyrosinemia
- Hypothyroidism
- Hypoxia
- Inferior vena cava web
- Neimann-Pick Disease
- Protoporphyria
- Shock
- Thrombosis
- Tumor
- Wilson's Disease
Other
Treatment
Includes:
- Motivate patient to stop drinking alcohol
- Vaccination for hepatitis
- Eradication of causative pathogens
- Liver transplantion
- Cholecystectomy
Histopathological Findings in Liver Diseases
Liver: Cryptococcosis
Liver: Cytomegalic inclusion disease
Liver: Echinococcus cyst
Liver: Histoplasmosis
Liver & Spleen in Malaria
Liver: Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
Liver: Cardiac sclerosis (cardiac cirrhosis)
Liver: Centrilobular necrosis from chloroform
Liver: Chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis
Liver: Cirrhosis (micronodular)
Liver: Congenital cytomegalovirus disease
Liver: Erythroblastosis fetalis
Fulminant hepatitis (massive hepatic necrosis)
Liver: Hepatitis, yellow fever virus
Herpes hepatitis
Liver: Traumatic hemorrhage
Liver: Viral hepatitis
Liver: Viral hepatitis with fulminant necrosis
Fulminant hepatitis (massive hepatic necrosis) is an acute liver failure (<1 month) resulting in rapid hepatic compensation characterized by synthetic dysfunction (hypoglycemia, coagulopathy), coma (cerebral edema, hepatic encephalopathy) and associated with infectious, renal, pulmonary and metabolic complications.
Liver: Wilson disease
References
- ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
- ↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X
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