List of benzodiazepines

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The various benzodiazepines and their respective trade-names, half-lives, and primary uses are listed in the following table.

Drug Name Common Brand Names* Time to Peak (Onset of action in hours) Elimination Half-Life (h)** [active metabolite] Primary Effects Approximate Equivalent Dose***
Alprazolam Xanax, Xanor, Tafil, Alprox, Frontal(Brazil) 1-2 6-12 hours anxiolytic 0.5 mg
Bromazepam Lexotanil, Lexotan, Lexomil, Somalium, Bromam 1-3 10-20 hours anxiolytic 5-6 mg
Chlordiazepoxide Librium, Tropium, Risolid, Klopoxid 1.5-4 5-30 hours [36-200 hours] anxiolytic 25 mg
Cinolazepam Gerodorm ? 9 h sedative 40 mg
Clonazepam Klonopin, Klonapin, Rivotril 1-4 18-50 hours anxiolytic, anticonvulsant 0.5 mg
Cloxazolam Olcadil (Brazil) 2-5 (?) 18-50 hours anxiolytic, anticonvulsant 1 mg
Clorazepate Tranxene Variable [36-100 hours] anxiolytic, anticonvulsant 15 mg
Diazepam Valium, Apzepam, Stesolid, Vival, Apozepam, Hexalid, Valaxona 1-2 20-100 hours [36-200] anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant 10 mg
Estazolam ProSom .5-5 10-24 h hypnotic 1-2 mg
Flunitrazepam Rohypnol, Fluscand, Flunipam, Ronal, Rohydorm (Brazil) .5-3 18-26 hours [36-200 hours] hypnotic 1 mg
Flurazepam Dalmadorm, Dalmane 1-1.5 [40-250 hours] hypnotic 25 mg
Halazepam Paxipam 1-3 [30-100 hours] anxiolytic 20-40 mg
Ketazolam Anxon 2.5-3 30-100 hours [36-200] anxiolytic 15-30 mg
Loprazolam Dormonoct 2-4 6-12 hours hypnotic 1-2 mg
Lorazepam Ativan, Temesta, Lorabenz 2-4 10-20 hours anxiolytic,anticonvulsant 1 mg
Lormetazepam Loramet, Noctamid, Pronoctan .5-2 10-12 hours hypnotic 1-2 mg
Medazepam Nobrium ? 36-200 hours anxiolytic 10 mg
Midazolam Dormicum, Versed, Hypnovel, Dormonid (Brazil) .5-1 3 hours (1.8-6 hours) hypnotic 5-15 mg
Nitrazepam Mogadon, Alodorm, Pacisyn, Dumolid .5-7 15-38 hours hypnotic 10 mg
Nordazepam Madar, Stilny ? 50-120 hours anxiolytic 10 mg
Oxazepam Seresta, Serax, Serenid, Serepax, Sobril, Oxascand, Alopam, Oxabenz, Oxapax 3-4 4-15 hours anxiolytic 25-30 mg
Phenazepam
Pinazepam Domar ? 40-100 hours anxiolytic 5-20 mg
Prazepam Centrax 2-6 36-200 hours anxiolytic 10-20 mg
Quazepam Doral 1-5 39-120 hours hypnotic 20 mg
Temazepam Restoril, Normison, Euhypnos .5-3 8-22 hours hypnotic 20 mg
Tetrazepam Mylostan 1-3 3-26 hours Skeletal muscle relaxant 50mg
Triazolam Halcion, Rilamir .5-2 2 hours hypnotic 0.25 mg

Atypical benzodiazepine receptor ligands

Drug Name Common Brand Names* Elimination Half-Life (h)** [active metabolite] Primary Effects Approximate Equivalent Dose***
Clobazam Frisium, Urbanol 8-60 hours anxiolytic, anticonvulsant N/A, typical dose 5-20 mg
DMCM ? ? anxiogenic, convulsant N/A, not used therapeutically
Flumazenil Anexate, Lanexat, Mazicon, Romazicon 1 hour antidote N/A, typical dose 0.2 - 0.6 mg


*Not all trade names are listed. Click on drug name to see a more comprehensive list.
**The duration of apparent action is usually considerably less than the half-life. With most benzodiazepines, noticeable effects usually wear off within a few hours. Nevertheless, as long as the drug is present it will exert subtle effects within the body. These effects may become apparent during continued use or may appear as withdrawal symptoms when dosage is reduced or the drug is stopped.
***Equivalent doses are based on clinical experience but may vary between individuals.[1]

References

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