Ischemic stroke historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
The history of ischemic stroke dates back to 3000 BC when it was first described in one of the world's earliest medical document called the Edwin Smith papyrus, by one of the founder of egyptian medicine named Imhotep. Hippocrates (460 to 370 BC) was first to describe the phenomenon of sudden paralysis.[1] The word stroke was used as a synonym for apoplectic seizure as early as 1599, Apoplexy, from the Greek word meaning "struck down with violence,” first appeared in Hippocratic writings to describe this phenomenon. In the 1600s, a doctor named Johann Jacob Wepfer discovered the cause of ischemic stroke when he suggested that apoplexy might be caused by a blockage to those vessels.
Historical Perspective
- The history of ischemic stroke dates back to 3000 BC when it was first described in one of the world's earliest medical document called the Edwin Smith papyrus, by one of the founder of egyptian medicine named Imhotep.
- Hippocrates (460 to 370 BC) was first to describe the phenomenon of sudden paralysis.[1]
- The word stroke was used as a synonym for apoplectic seizure as early as 1599, [2]
- Apoplexy, from the Greek word meaning "struck down with violence,” first appeared in Hippocratic writings to describe this phenomenon.[1]
- In the 1600s, a doctor named Johann Jacob Wepfer discovered the cause of ischemic stroke when he suggested that apoplexy might be caused by a blockage to those vessels.
- Two anatomists, Matthew and Cruveilher described the lesions in stroke in 1800s.
- Rudolf Virchow, a German doctor, pathologist and anthropologist gave an insight to the factors causing thromboembolism called virchow's triad and described it as the cause of vascular occlusion, forming the basis for true understanding of pathophysiology of ischemic stroke.
- Anatomical territories supplied by different blood vessels in the brain and their importance in the clinical correlation of ischemic stroke was first described by Charles Foix.
- In 1900, further advancements were made by Broca making further correlations to determine the relationship between anatomy and clinical presentations in stroke.
- The invention of CT scan and angiography in the 20th century is one of the major leaps in the medical field and solved many queries regarding cause, and appropriate treatment of stroke.
- Thrombolytics for the treatment of ischemic stroke was first started in the year 1958.[3]
- In 1983, recombinant t-PA was discovered and in the year 1995, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke study determined its use in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.[3]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Thompson JE (1996). "The evolution of surgery for the treatment and prevention of stroke. The Willis Lecture". Stroke. 27 (8): 1427–34. PMID 8711815.
- ↑ R. Barnhart, ed. The Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology (1995)
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Röther J, Ford GA, Thijs VN (2013). "Thrombolytics in acute ischaemic stroke: historical perspective and future opportunities". Cerebrovasc Dis. 35 (4): 313–9. doi:10.1159/000348705. PMID 23615379.