Imipenem
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| Image:Imipenem.svg | |
| Imipenem
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| (5R,6S)-3-[2-(aminomethylideneamino)ethylsulfanyl]- 6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-7-oxo-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept- 2-ene-2-carboxylic acid | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| ATC code | J01 |
| PubChem | |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C12H17N3O4S |
| Mol. mass | 299.347 g/mol |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ? |
| Metabolism | Renal |
| Half life | 60 minutes |
| Excretion | ? |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
C(US) |
| Legal status | |
| Routes | IM, IV |
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Imipenem is an intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic developed in 1985. Imipenem belongs to the subgroup of carbapenems. It is derived from a compound called thienamycin, which is produced by the bacteria Streptomyces cattleya. Imipenem has a broad spectrum of activity against aerobic and anaerobic Gram positive as well as Gram negative bacteria. It is particularly important for its activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the Enterococcus species. It is not active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, however. Imipenem and other drugs in the carbapenem class are commonly referred to as "magic bullets." Their use is typically restricted in order to avoid widespread bacterial resistance.
Method of action
Imipenem acts as an antimicrobial through inhibiting cell wall synthesis of various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It remains very stable in the presence of beta-lactamase (both penicillinase and cephalosporinase) produced by some bacteria, and is a strong inhibitor of beta-lactamases from some gram-negative bacteria that are resistant to most beta-lactam antibiotics.
Co-administration with cilastatin
Imipenem is rapidly degraded by the renal enzyme dehydropeptidase when administered alone, and is always co-administered with cilastatin to prevent this inactivation.
Adverse effects
Common adverse drug reactions are nausea and vomiting. People who are allergic to penicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics should not take imipenem. Imipenem can also cause seizures.
References
^ Clissold SP, Todd PA, Campoli Richards DM. Imipenem/Cilastatin: A reivew of its anti-bacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs 1987; 33: 183-241.
Antibacterials for systemic use: beta-lactam antibiotics - cephalosporins and related (J01D) | |
|---|---|
| First generation | Cefacetrile, Cefadroxil, Cefalexin, Cefaloglycin, Cefaloridine, Cefalotin, Cefapirin, Cefatrizine, Cefazedone, Cefazolin, Cefradine, Cefroxadine, Ceftezole |
| Second generation | Cefaclor, Cefamandole, Cefmetazole, Cefonicid, Ceforanide, Cefotiam, Cefprozil, Cefuroxime |
| Third generation | Cefdinir, Cefditoren, Cefetamet, Cefixime, Cefmenoxime, Cefodizime, Cefoperazone, Cefotaxime, Cefpiramide, Cefpodoxime, Cefsulodin, Ceftazidime, Ceftibuten, Ceftizoxime, Ceftriaxone, Latamoxef |
| Fourth generation | Cefepime, Cefpirome, Cefquinome |
| Fifth generation | Ceftobiprole |
| Other beta-lactam antibacterials | Monobactams (Aztreonam), Carbapenems (Parenteral - Meropenem, Ertapenem, Imipenem, Doripenem, Oral - Faropenem) |
See also
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
