Carbapenem
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Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics were originally developed from thienamycin, a naturally-derived product of Streptomyces cattleya.[1]
The following drugs belong to the carbapenem class:
- Imipenem (often given as part of Imipenem/cilastatin)
- Imipenem can be hydrolysed in the mammalian kidney by a dehydropeptidase enzyme, and so is given with a dehydropeptidase inhibitor, cilastatin
- Meropenem
- Ertapenem
- Faropenem
- Doripenem
- Panipenem/betamipron
These agents have the broadest antibacterial spectrum compared to other beta-lactam classes such as penicillins and cephalosporins. Additionally they are generally resistant to the typical bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes which are one of the principal resistance mechanisms of bacteria. They are active against both Gram positive and gram negative bacteria, with the exception of intracellular bacteria, such as the Chlamydiae.
The carbapenems are structurally very similar to the penicillins, but the sulfur atom in position 1 of the structure has been replaced with a carbon atom, and hence the name of the group, the carbapenems.
Due to their expanded spectra, the desire to avoid generation of resistance and the fact that they have generally poor oral bioavailability, they are administered intravenously in hospital settings for more serious infections. However, research is underway to develop an effective oral carbapenem.[2]
References
- ↑ Birnbaum J, Kahan FM, Kropp H, MacDonald JS (1985). "Carbapenems, a new class of beta-lactam antibiotics. Discovery and development of imipenem/cilastatin". Am. J. Med. 78 (6A): 3-21. PMID 3859213.
- ↑ Kumagai T, Tamai S, Abe T, Hikda M (2002). "Current Status of Oral Carbapenem Development". Current Medicinal Chemistry -Anti-Infective Agents 1: 1-14.
External links
- Structure Activity Relationships "Antibacterial Agents; Structure Activity Relationships," André Bryskier MD; beginning at pp131
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| Articles on Carbapenem | Most recent articles on Carbapenem • Most cited articles on Carbapenem • Review articles on Carbapenem • Articles on Carbapenem in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ |
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| Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Carbapenem | Cochrane Collaboration on Carbapenem • Bandolier on Carbapenem • TRIP on Carbapenem |
| Cost Effectiveness of Carbapenem | Cost Effectiveness of Carbapenem |
| Clinical Trials Involving Carbapenem | Ongoing Trials on Carbapenem at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Carbapenem • Clinical Trials on Carbapenem at Google |
| Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Carbapenem | US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Carbapenem • NICE Guidance on Carbapenem • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Carbapenem • CDC on Carbapenem |
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| Pharmacology Resources on Carbapenem | Dosing of Carbapenem • Drug interactions with Carbapenem • Side effects of Carbapenem • Allergic reactions to Carbapenem • Overdose information on Carbapenem • Carcinogenicity information on Carbapenem • Carbapenem in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Carbapenem • |
| Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Carbapenem | Genetics of Carbapenem • Pharmacogenomics of Carbapenem • Proteomics of Carbapenem |
| Newstories on Carbapenem | Carbapenem in the news • Be alerted to news on Carbapenem • News trends on Carbapenem |
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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
