Ileocecal valve
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Overview
| Ileocecal valve | |
|---|---|
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| Interior of the cecum and lower end of ascending colon, showing colic valve. ("Colic valve" is an older term for the ileocecal valve.) | |
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| Endoscopic image of cecum with arrow pointing to ileocecal valve in foreground. | |
| Latin | valva ileocaecalis |
| Gray's | subject #249 1179 |
| Artery | ileocolic artery |
| Vein | ileocolic vein |
| MeSH | Ileocecal+valve |
| Dorlands/Elsevier | v_02/12843921 |
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The ileocecal valve is a sphincter muscle situated at the junction of the small intestine (ileum) and the large intestine. It regulates the flow of chyme into the bowels.[1]
Functionally, roughly two litres of fluid enters the colon daily through the ileocecal valve.
Histology
The histology of the ileocecal valve shows an abrupt change in the villous pattern which is found in small intestinal mucosa, to the glandular pattern found in colonic mucosa.
At the ileocecal valve, there is also thickening of the muscularis mucosa, which is the smooth muscle tissue found beneath the mucosal layer of the digestive tract.
There is also a variable amount of lymphatic tissue found at the valve.[2]
Clinical significance
During colonoscopy, the ileocecal valve is used, along with the appendiceal orifice, in the identification of the cecum. This is important, as it indicates that a complete colonoscopy has been performed. The ileocecal valve is typically located on the last fold before entry into the cecum, and can be located from the direction of curvature of the appendiceal orifice, in what is known as the bow and arrow sign.[3]
Intubation of the ileocecal valve is typically performed in colonoscopy to evaluate the distal, or lowest part of the ileum. Small bowel endoscopy can also be performed by double-balloon enteroscopy through intubation of the ileocecal valve.[4]
Pathology
Tumours of the ileocecal valve are rare, but have been reported in the literature.[5][6]
Etymology
It was discovered by the Dutch physician Nicolaes Tulp (1593-1674), and thus it is sometimes known as Tulp's valve.
References
- ↑ Medfriendly definition of ileocecal valve
- ↑ Burkitt HG, Young B, Heath JW. Wheater's Functional Histology: a text and colour atlas. Churchill Livingstone, London, 1993.
- ↑ Cotton PB, Williams CB. Practical Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Blackwell Publishers, London, 1996
- ↑ Ross AS, Waxman I, Semrad C, Dye C. Balloon-assisted intubation of the ileocecal valve to facilitate retrograde double-balloon enteroscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005 Dec;62(6):987-8. PMID 16301054
- ↑ Yoruk G, Aksoz K, Buyrac Z, Unsal B, Nazli O, Ekinci N. Adenocarcinoma of the ileocecal valve: report of a case. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2004 Dec;15(4):268-9. PMID 16249985
- ↑ Song HJ, Ko BM, Cheon YK, Ryu CB, Lee JS, Lee MS, Shim CS. Isolated ileocecal lymphoma. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005 Feb;61(2):293-4. PMID 15729248
External links
de:IleozökalklappeAcknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
