Hymenorrhaphy
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Editors-In-Chief: Martin I. Newman, M.D., FACS, Cleveland Clinic Florida, [1]; Michel C. Samson, M.D., FRCSC, FACS [2]
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- Hymenoplasty redirects here. For the operation to correct an imperforate hymen, see Hymenotomy.
Overview
Hymenorrhaphy or hymen reconstruction surgery is the surgical restoration of the hymen. The term comes from the Greek words hymen meaning membrane, and raphe meaning suture. It is also known as hymenoplasty, although strictly this term would also include hymenotomy.
Such procedures are not generally regarded as part of mainstream gynecology, but are available from some plastic surgery centres, particularly in the USA, Japan and Western Europe, generally as day surgery. The normal aim is to cause bleeding during the wedding night, which in some cultures is a required proof of virginity.
Varieties of the operation
The term may cover at least four significantly different types of procedure:
- Suturing of a tear in the hymen such as might be caused by sexual assault, soon after the assault, to facilitate healing.
- A purely cosmetic procedure in which a membrane without blood supply is created, sometimes including a gelatin capsule of an artificial bloodlike substance. This operation is intended to be performed within a few days before an intended marriage.
- Use of a flap of the vaginal lining, complete with its blood supply, to create a new hymen. Patients are advised to refrain from penetrative sex for up to three months following these procedures.
- The term hymen reconstruction has also been used to describe some varieties of infibulation, requiring further surgery before penetration is possible.
Availability and legality
Some hymen reconstruction operations are legal in some countries, while other countries ban all hymenorrhaphy. Infibulation is in general illegal.
In the United States of America, hymen restoration is available in private clinics and becoming slightly more common.
See also
External links
- Designer vaginas, The Sydney Morning Herald article describes a private clinic in New Zealand offering hymenorrhaphy and other appearance gynaecology procedures.
- Pediatrics article discusses healing of hymen injuries.
- Hymenoplasty, a presentation to a conference of gynecologists (Microsoft PowerPoint file, 332 KB).
- Muslim women in France regain virginity in clinics, article on Reuters.
Plastic surgery | |
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| Techniques | |
| Common procedures | |
| Cosmetic surgery | Abdominal etching • Abdominoplasty • Blepharoplasty• Mammoplasty (Breast augmentation • Breast reduction • Breast lift) • Buttock Augmentation • Chemical peel • Labiaplasty • Rhinoplasty • Otoplasty • Rhytidectomy • Suction-Assisted Lipectomy • Chin augmentation • Cheek augmentation • Collagen / fat / hyaluronic acid and other tissue filler injections • Laser skin resurfacing |
| Sub-specialties | Craniofacial surgery • Hand surgery • Microsurgery • Cosmetic surgery • Pediatric plastic surgery • Burn surgery |
| Common functional impairments treated | Burns • Traumatic injuries (e.g. facial bone fractures • Congenital abnormalities (e.g. Cleft palate) • Developmental abnormalities • Infection or Disease • Removal of cancers or tumors (e.g. mastectomy for a breast cancer) |
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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
