Glanders
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| Glanders Classification and external resources | |
| ICD-10 | A24.0 |
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| ICD-9 | 024 |
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Ongoing Trials on Glanders at Clinical Trials.gov Clinical Trials on Glanders at Google
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US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Glanders
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Glanders Risk calculators and risk factors for Glanders
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Causes & Risk Factors for Glanders | |
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Experimental / Informatics | |
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Glanders (from Middle English glaundres or Old French glandres, both meaning glands)[1] (Latin: Malleus German: Rotz) is an infectious disease that occurs primarily in horses, mules, and donkeys. It can be contracted by other animals such as dogs, cats and goats. It is caused by infection with the bacterium Burkholderia mallei, usually by ingestion of contaminated food or water. Symptoms of glanders include the formation of nodular lesions in the lungs and ulceration of the mucous membranes in the upper respiratory tract. The acute form results in coughing, fever and the release of infectious nasal discharge, followed by septicaemia and death within days. In the chronic form, nasal and subcutaneous nodules develop, eventually ulcerating. Death can occur within months, while survivors act as carriers.
Glanders is endemic in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Central and South America. It has been eradicated from North America, Australia and most of Europe through surveillance and destruction of affected animals, and import restrictions.
Burkholderia mallei, is able to infect humans and is therefore classed as a zoonotic agent. Transmission occurs by direct contact with infected animals and entry is through skin abrasions, nasal and oral mucosal surfaces, or by inhalation.
Biological warfare use
Due to the high mortality rate in humans and the small number of organisms required to establish infection, Burkholderia mallei is regarded as a potential biological warfare (BW) or bioterrorism agent, as is the closely related organism, Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis. During World War I, glanders was believed to have been spread deliberately by German agents to infect large numbers of Russian horses and mules on the Eastern Front.[1] This had an effect on troop and supply convoys as well as on artillery movement, which were dependent on horses and mules. Human cases in Russia increased with the infections during and after WWI. The Japanese deliberately infected horses, civilians, and prisoners of war with B. mallei at the Pinfang (China) Institute during World War II. The U.S. studied this agent as a possible BW weapon in 1943–44 but did not weaponize it. The Soviet Union is also believed to have been interested in B. mallei as a potential BW agent after World War II.
References
External links
cs:Vozhřivka de:Rotz (Krankheit)fr:Morve ja:鼻疽 fi:Räkätauti sv:Rots
WikiDoc Research Resources for Glanders (Click show to right to view) | |
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| Articles on Glanders | Most recent articles on Glanders • Most cited articles on Glanders • Review articles on Glanders • Articles on Glanders in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ |
| Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Glanders | Powerpoint slides on Glanders • Images of Glanders • Photos of Glanders • Podcasts & MP3s on Glanders • Videos on Glanders |
| Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Glanders | Cochrane Collaboration on Glanders • Bandolier on Glanders • TRIP on Glanders |
| Cost Effectiveness of Glanders | Cost Effectiveness of Glanders |
| Clinical Trials Involving Glanders | Ongoing Trials on Glanders at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Glanders • Clinical Trials on Glanders at Google |
| Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Glanders | US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Glanders • NICE Guidance on Glanders • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Glanders • CDC on Glanders |
| Textbook Information on Glanders | Books and Textbook Information on Glanders |
| Pharmacology Resources on Glanders | Dosing of Glanders • Drug interactions with Glanders • Side effects of Glanders • Allergic reactions to Glanders • Overdose information on Glanders • Carcinogenicity information on Glanders • Glanders in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Glanders • |
| Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Glanders | Genetics of Glanders • Pharmacogenomics of Glanders • Proteomics of Glanders |
| Newstories on Glanders | Glanders in the news • Be alerted to news on Glanders • News trends on Glanders |
| Commentary on Glanders | Blogs on Glanders |
| Patient Resources on Glanders | Patient resources on Glanders • Discussion groups on Glanders • Patient Handouts on Glanders • Directions to Hospitals Treating Glanders • Risk calculators and risk factors for Glanders |
| Healthcare Provider Resources on Glanders | Symptoms of Glanders • Causes & Risk Factors for Glanders • Diagnostic studies for Glanders • Treatment of Glanders |
| Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Glanders | CME Programs on Glanders |
| International Resources on Glanders | Glanders en Espanol • Glanders en Francais |
| Business Resources on Glanders | Glanders in the Marketplace • Patents on Glanders |
| Informatics Resources on Glanders | List of terms related to Glanders |
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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
