Ectopic pregnancy risk factors

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Ectopic pregnancy Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating an Ectopic Pregnancy from other Conditions

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Ectopic pregnancy risk factors On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Ectopic pregnancy risk factors

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Ectopic pregnancy risk factors

CDC on Ectopic pregnancy risk factors

Ectopic pregnancy risk factors in the news

Blogs on Ectopic pregnancy risk factors

Directions to Hospitals Treating Ectopic pregnancy

Risk calculators and risk factors for Ectopic pregnancy risk factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Moises Romo M.D.

Overview

Ectopic pregnancy usually occurs in women with fallopian tube dysfunction. There are a number of risk factors for ectopic pregnancies, among them pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, DES exposure, tubal surgery, smoking, previous ectopic pregnancy, multiple sexual partners, current IUD use, tubal ligation, and previous abortion. The most potent risk factor in the development of ectopic pregnancy is tubal surgery.

Risk Factors

Risk Factors Odds Ratios for Ectopic Pregnancy
Risk Factor Odds Ratio
Tubal surgery 21
Tubal ligation 9.3
Previous ectopic pregnancy 8.3
In-utero DES exposure 5.6
IUD 4.2 – 45
Documented tubal pathology 3.8 – 21
Infertility 2.5 – 21
Previous STD 2.5 – 3.7
Multiple sexual partners 2.1
Prior pelvic / abd surgery 0.9 – 3.8
Cigarette smoking 2.3 – 2.5
Vaginal douching 1.1 – 3.1
1st intercourse < 18 years old 1.6

Common Risk Factors

Less common Risk Factors

References

  1. Ankum WM, Mol BW, Van der Veen F, Bossuyt PM (June 1996). "Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy: a meta-analysis". Fertil Steril. 65 (6): 1093–9. PMID 8641479.
  2. Ankum WM, Mol BW, Van der Veen F, Bossuyt PM (June 1996). "Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy: a meta-analysis". Fertil Steril. 65 (6): 1093–9. PMID 8641479.
  3. Furlong LA (November 2002). "Ectopic pregnancy risk when contraception fails. A review". J Reprod Med. 47 (11): 881–5. PMID 12497674.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Ankum WM, Mol BW, Van der Veen F, Bossuyt PM (June 1996). "Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy: a meta-analysis". Fertil Steril. 65 (6): 1093–9. PMID 8641479.
  5. Barnhart KT, Sammel MD, Gracia CR, Chittams J, Hummel AC, Shaunik A (July 2006). "Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy in women with symptomatic first-trimester pregnancies". Fertil Steril. 86 (1): 36–43. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.12.023. PMID 16730724.
  6. Coste J, Bouyer J, Job-Spira N (February 1997). "Construction of composite scales for risk assessment in epidemiology: an application to ectopic pregnancy". Am J Epidemiol. 145 (3): 278–89. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009101. PMID 9012601.
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 Burton JL, Lidbury EA, Gillespie AM, Tidy JA, Smith O, Lawry J, Hancock BW, Wells M (May 2001). "Over-diagnosis of hydatidiform mole in early tubal ectopic pregnancy". Histopathology. 38 (5): 409–17. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2559.2001.01151.x. PMID 11422477.
  8. "www.moscmm.org" (PDF).
  9. Russell JB (March 1987). "The etiology of ectopic pregnancy". Clin Obstet Gynecol. 30 (1): 181–90. doi:10.1097/00003081-198703000-00025. PMID 2953513.
  10. Maccato M, Estrada R, Hammill H, Faro S (February 1992). "Prevalence of active Chlamydia trachomatis infection at the time of exploratory laparotomy for ectopic pregnancy". Obstet Gynecol. 79 (2): 211–3. PMID 1731286.
  11. Coste J, Bouyer J, Job-Spira N (February 1997). "Construction of composite scales for risk assessment in epidemiology: an application to ectopic pregnancy". Am J Epidemiol. 145 (3): 278–89. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009101. PMID 9012601.
  12. Ankum WM, Mol BW, Van der Veen F, Bossuyt PM (June 1996). "Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy: a meta-analysis". Fertil Steril. 65 (6): 1093–9. PMID 8641479.
  13. Parazzini F, Tozzi L, Ferraroni M, Bocciolone L, La Vecchia C, Fedele L (November 1992). "Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy: an Italian case-control study". Obstet Gynecol. 80 (5): 821–6. PMID 1407922.
  14. Bouyer J, Coste J, Shojaei T, Pouly JL, Fernandez H, Gerbaud L, Job-Spira N (February 2003). "Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy: a comprehensive analysis based on a large case-control, population-based study in France". Am J Epidemiol. 157 (3): 185–94. doi:10.1093/aje/kwf190. PMID 12543617.
  15. Tay JI, Moore J, Walker JJ (April 2000). "Ectopic pregnancy". BMJ. 320 (7239): 916–9. doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7239.916. PMC 1117838. PMID 10742003.
  16. Bouyer J, Rachou E, Germain E, Fernandez H, Coste J, Pouly JL, Job-Spira N (November 2000). "Risk factors for extrauterine pregnancy in women using an intrauterine device". Fertil Steril. 74 (5): 899–908. doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(00)01605-8. PMID 11056230.
  17. Honoré LH (October 1979). "A significant association between spontaneous abortion and tubal ectopic pregnancy". Fertil Steril. 32 (4): 401–2. doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)44294-9. PMID 488425.
  18. Mäkinen JI, Erkkola RU, Laippala PJ (March 1989). "Causes of the increase in the incidence of ectopic pregnancy. A study on 1017 patients from 1966 to 1985 in Turku, Finland". Am J Obstet Gynecol. 160 (3): 642–6. doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(89)80047-x. PMID 2929684.

Template:WH Template:WS