Cholangiocarcinoma other imaging findings
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
ERCP
While abdominal imaging can be useful in the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma, direct imaging of the bile ducts is often necessary. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), an endoscopic procedure performed by a gastroenterologist or specially trained surgeon, has been widely used for this purpose.
Although ERCP is an invasive procedure with attendant risks, its advantages include the ability to obtain biopsies and to place stents or perform other interventions to relieve biliary obstruction.
Endoscopic Ultrasound
Endoscopic ultrasound can also be performed at the time of ERCP and may increase the accuracy of the biopsy and yield information on lymph node invasion and operability.[1]
Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography
As an alternative to ERCP, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) may be utilized.
MRCP
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is a non-invasive alternative to ERCP.[2][3][4] Some authors have suggested that MRCP should supplant ERCP in the diagnosis of biliary cancers, as it may more accurately define the tumor and avoids the risks of ERCP.[5][6][7]
References
- ↑ Sugiyama M, Hagi H, Atomi Y, Saito M. "Diagnosis of portal venous invasion by pancreatobiliary carcinoma: value of endoscopic ultrasonography". Abdom Imaging 22 (4): 434-8. PMID 9157867.
- ↑ Schwartz L, Coakley F, Sun Y, Blumgart L, Fong Y, Panicek D (1998). "Neoplastic pancreaticobiliary duct obstruction: evaluation with breath-hold MR cholangiopancreatography". AJR Am J Roentgenol 170 (6): 1491–5. PMID 9609160.
- ↑ Zidi S, Prat F, Le Guen O, Rondeau Y, Pelletier G (2000). "Performance characteristics of magnetic resonance cholangiography in the staging of malignant hilar strictures". Gut 46 (1): 103-6. PMID 10601064.
- ↑ Lee M, Park K, Shin Y, Yoon H, Sung K, Kim M, Lee S, Kang E (2003). "Preoperative evaluation of hilar cholangiocarcinoma with contrast-enhanced three-dimensional fast imaging with steady-state precession magnetic resonance angiography: comparison with intraarterial digital subtraction angiography". World J Surg 27 (3): 278-83. PMID 12607051.
- ↑ Yeh T, Jan Y, Tseng J, Chiu C, Chen T, Hwang T, Chen M (2000). "Malignant perihilar biliary obstruction: magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatographic findings". Am J Gastroenterol 95 (2): 432-40. PMID 10685746.
- ↑ Freeman M, Sielaff T (2003). "A modern approach to malignant hilar biliary obstruction". Rev Gastroenterol Disord 3 (4): 187–201. PMID 14668691.
- ↑ Szklaruk J, Tamm E, Charnsangavej C (2002). "Preoperative imaging of biliary tract cancers". Surg Oncol Clin N Am 11 (4): 865-76. PMID 12607576.
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