Cardiac glycoside

You don't need to be Editor-In-Chief to add or edit content to WikiDoc. You can begin to add to or edit text on this WikiDoc page by clicking on the edit button at the top of this page. Next enter or edit the information that you would like to appear here. Once you are done editing, scroll down and click the Save page button at the bottom of the page.

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-525-6884

Please Join in Editing This Page and Apply to be an Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [2] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.

Overview

Cardiac glycosides are drugs used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmia. These glycosides are found as secondary metabolites in several plants, but also in some animals. Some of these compounds (ouabain and some frog poisons) are used in Africa as arrow-poisons for hunting.

Function

Cardiac glycosides work by inhibiting the Na⁺/K⁺ pump. This causes an increase in the level of sodium ions in the myocytes, which then leads to a rise in the level of calcium ions. This inhibition increases the amount of Ca²⁺ ions available for contraction of the heart muscle, improves cardiac output and reduces distention of the heart.

They do this by stabilizing the E2-P transition state of the Na⁺/K⁺ pump. The proposed mechanism is the following: inhibition of the Na⁺/K⁺ pump leads to increased Na⁺ levels, which in turn slows down the extrusion of Ca²⁺ via the Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchange pump. Increased amounts of Ca²⁺ are then stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and released by each action potential.

They have an antiarrhythmic effect by prolonging the refractory period of the AV node (Atrioventricular node), reducing the number of impulses reaching the ventricles. Cardiac output is restored but atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter are not abolished.

Examples

Examples of plants producing cardiac glycosides:

• Strophanthus - ouabain g/k/e-strophanthin
• Digitalis lanata and Digitalis purpurea - digoxin, digitoxin
• Scilla maritima - proscillaridine A
• Adonis vernalis, Adonis aestivalis
• Acokanthera oblongifolia
• Convallaria (lilly of the valley)

Some frog-poison contain bufalin, marinobufagenin and bufadienolides, cardiac glycosides.

See also

• Cardenolide aglycones

External links

v • d • e Major families of biochemicals
Peptides | Amino acids | Nucleic acids | Carbohydrates | Nucleotide sugars | Lipids | Terpenes | Carotenoids | Tetrapyrroles | Enzyme cofactors | Steroids | Flavonoids | Alkaloids | Polyketides | Glycosides
Analogues of nucleic acids:	Types of Glycosides	Analogues of nucleic acids:
Bond:	O-glycosidic bond | S-glycosidic bond | N-glycosidic bond
Geometry:	α-Glycoside | β-Glycoside | 1,4-Glycoside | 1,6-Glycoside
Glycone:	Glucoside | Fructoside | Glucuronide
Aglycone:	Alcoholic glycoside | Anthraquinone glycoside | Coumarin glycoside | Cyanogenic glycoside | Flavonoid glycoside | Phenolic glycoside | Saponin | Cardiac glycoside | Steviol glycoside | Thioglycoside | Glycosylamine | Bufanolide | Cardenolide

v • d • e Cardiac glycosides (C01A)
Digitalis glycosides	Acetyldigitoxin - Acetyldigoxin - Digitalis leaves - Digitoxin - Digoxin - Lanatoside C - Deslanoside - Metildigoxin - Gitoformate
Scilla glycosides	Proscillaridin
Strophantus glycosides	G-strophanthin - Cymarin
Other cardiac glycosides	Peruvoside

de:Herzglykosid

et:Südameglükosiidid fr:Glycoside cardiotonique ja:強心配糖体vi:Glicozit tim

WikiDoc Help Menu Quick Start.. Get Started Here! How to Login How to Search Pages How to Start a New Page How to Edit a Page Cheat Sheet Editing basics Learning Basic Formatting How to make Links in WikiDoc & to External Sites How to Make Lists How to Ignoring Formatting Adding References or Footnotes to Articles Tracking Changes You Have Made How to Put an Article Into a Category When Multiple Topics Should Go To The Same Page (MI, Acute MI, AMI) Using Redirection Advanced editing How to Make Tables How to Insert Images and Other Media How to Add Video Help:How to Make Columns Web Colors How To Make Templates How to Move Pages Inserting Dynamic Dates and Times Inserting WikiDoc Statistics Editing the Table of Contents Communicating your edits Let others know what you changed: The importance of Edit Summaries Minor Edits Edit Conflicts Help Videos You Can Watch Getting Started Video

Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content

Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .