C16orf42

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External IDs	GeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
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	Wikidata
View/Edit Human

C16orf42, or chromosome 16 open reading frame 42, is a hypothetical human protein found on chromosome 16.^[1] Its protein is 312 amino acids long.^[2] and its cDNA has 1214 base pairs^[3]

Function

The function of C16orf42 is unknown. It is predicted to be a transmembrane protein, however the cellular or subcellular membrane in which is resides is as well unknown.^[4]

Homology

C16orf42 can also be found in many other organisms, including mammals, and certain fungi and plants.^[5] It is not found in bacteria.^[5] C16orf42 is highly conserved in many of its orthologs, especially its mammalian orthologs, as high as 95% identity in rhesus monkeys.^[5] It also has fairly high conservation in its more distant homologs, 53% identity in corn for example.^[5] It has one potential human paralog, the protein EGFL6.^[6]

Ortholog Analysis:

Genus and species	Common name	NCBI accession	Length	Identity	Similarity
Macaca mulatta	Rhesus monkey	XP_001088384	312 aa	95%	96%
Bos taurus	Cattle	NP_001092381	315 aa	82%	87%
Canis familiaris	Dog	XP_537015	312 aa	79%	85%
Equus caballus	Horse	XP_001915599	324 aa	78%	83%
Rattus norvegicus	Rat	EMD03916	324 aa	73%	80%
Mus musculus	Mouse	NP_080952	323 aa	73%	80%
Gallus gallus	Chicken	XP_414890	311 aa	63%	76%
Danio rerio	Zebra fish	NP_001002370	297 aa	62%	75%
Tetraodon nigroviridis	Green spotted puffer	CAG04371	247 aa	62%	74%
Trichoplax adhaerens	Trichoplax	XP_002118089	284 aa	46%	64%
Ciona intestinalis	Sea squirt	XP_002129931	265 aa	52%	68%
Ornithorhynchus anatinus	Platypus	XP_001517034	285 aa	74%	85%
Hydra magnipapillata	Hydra	XP_002161680	232 aa	55%	71%
Aedes aegypti	Yellow fever mosquito	XP_001654463	269 aa	52%	70%
Drosophila melanogaster	Fruit fly	NP_650441	274 aa	54%	70%
Apis mellifera	Western honey bee	XP_625167	258 aa	50%	69%
Debaryomyces hansenii	Marine yeast	XP_461733	333 aa	49%	64%
Aspergillus oryzae	Mold	XP_001818982	374 aa	50%	69%
Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Yeast	NP_014648	313 aa	52%	68%
Zea mays	Corn	ACG47566	271 aa	53%	69%
Caenorhabditis elegans	C. elegans	NP_741332	261 aa	47%	65%

Expression

C16orf42 is not expressed ubiquitously in humans. It is most highly expressed in the ovary, but not expressed at all in the blood and very little in the brain.^[7] One microarray experiment suggested that malaria causes its expression in the blood,^[7] but further experimentation is needed to support this claim. Its expression in tissues tends to remain constant when the tissue is diseased.^[7] However, a brief analysis of its orthologs show inconsistencies in tissue expression. This could be due to a lack of research of this protein in other species.

Structure

The structure of C16orf42 is unknown. It is predicted to have multiple regions of alpha-helices, and a few short stretches of beta-strands.^[4] It contains a potential metal binding domain between amino acids 60-90.^[2] It has a predicted molecular weight of 33.6 kdal and an isoelectric point of 6.496000, making it slightly acidic.^[4] Compared to other human proteins, C16orf42 is high in the amino acids arginine and alanine, and low in the amino acid threonine.^[4] A brief analysis of its strict orthologs show that they too are generally high in arginine and low in threonine as well as compared to the typical protein in their respective species.^[4]

References

↑ Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (December 2002). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 NCBI Protein
↑ NCBI Nucleotide.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 Biology Workbench
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 NCBI BLink
↑ NCBI BLAST
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 UniGene

External links

Human TSR3 genome location and TSR3 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.