Muscarinic antagonist
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Overview
A muscarinic receptor antagonist is an agent that reduces the activity of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. Most of them are synthetic, but scopolamine atropine are belladonna alkaloids, and are naturally extracted.
Important[1] muscarinic agonists include atropine, hyoscine, ipratropium, tropicamide, cyclopentolate and pirenzepine.
Comparison table
| Substance | Trade names | Mechanism[2] | Clinical use[2] | Adverse effects[2] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atropine (D/L-Hyoscyamine) | non-selective antagonism, CNS stimulation |
| ||
| Scopolamine (L-Hyoscine) | non-selective antagonism, CNS depression |
|
| |
| Ipratropium | non-selective antagonism, without any mucociliary excretion inhibition. |
| ||
| Tropicamide | short acting non-selective antagonism, CNS depression |
|
| |
| Pirenzepine | M1 receptor-selective antagonist
|
| (fewer than non-selective ones) | |
| Diphenhydramine | Benadryl | |||
| Dimenhydrinate | Dramamine | |||
| dicyclomine | ||||
| flavoxate | ||||
| oxybutynin | ||||
| tiotropium | Spiriva | |||
| cyclopentolate | short acting non-selective antagonism, CNS depression |
|
| |
| atropine methonitrate | non-selective antagonism, blocks transmission in ganglia |
|
| |
| trihexyphenidyl | Artane | |||
| tolterodine | Detrusitol | |||
| solifenacin | Vesicare | |||
| darifenacin | Enablex | |||
| benztropine | Cogentin |
See also
References
- ↑ Rang, H. P. (2003). Pharmacology. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 0-443-07145-4. Page 147
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Unless else specified in table boxes, then ref is: Rang, H. P. (2003). Pharmacology. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 0-443-07145-4. Page 147
External links
Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders (A03) | |
|---|---|
| Drugs for functional bowel disorders | antimuscarinics: Mebeverine - Dicycloverine - Propantheline
papaverine and derivatives: Papaverine - Drotaverine - Moxaverine acting on serotonin receptors: 5-HT3 antagonists (Alosetron, Cilansetron) - 5HT4 agonists (Mosapride, Tegaserod) other: Diisopromine - Isometheptene - Phloroglucinol - Proglumide - Tridihexethyl |
| Belladonna and derivatives (antimuscarinics) | Atropine - Hyoscyamine - Butylscopolamine - Methylscopolamine |
| Propulsives | primarily dopamine antagonists (Metoclopramide/Bromopride, Domperidone, Alizapride) - serotonin agonists (Cisapride) - Clebopride |
Ophthalmologicals: mydriatics and cycloplegics (S01F) | |
|---|---|
| Anticholinergics/antimuscarinics | Atropine - Scopolamine - Methylscopolamine - Cyclopentolate - Homatropine - Tropicamide |
| Sympathomimetics | Phenylephrine - Ephedrine - Ibopamine |
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
