Alopecia physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2] Ogechukwu Hannah Nnabude, MD

Overview

The quantity, pattern, presence of scarring, scaling, or erythema are all helpful clues in determining the cause of the hair loss.

Physical Examination

Appearance of the Patient

The appearance of the patient can provide clues to the diagnosis of alopecia.

Head

  • Scalp
  • Pattern: Diffuse or patchy
    • Male pattern (diffuse): Bitemporal recession +/or vertex loss [3]
    • Female pattern (diffuse): Coronal thinning with preserved anterior hairline [3]
    • Patchy: With preserved hair of variable length as seen in trichotillomania [4]


Extremities

  • Patient may also have nails that have a hammered brass appearance, as seen in alopecia areata.

References

  1. "StatPearls". 2020. PMID 28613486.
  2. "StatPearls". 2020. PMID 30422511.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Qi J, Garza LA (2014). "An overview of alopecias". Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 4 (3). doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a013615. PMC 3935391. PMID 24591533.
  4. Sperling LC, Cowper SE, Knopp EA. An atlas of hair pathology with clinical correlations. 2. Informa Healthcare; 2014. [Google Scholar]
  5. 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 "Dermatology Atlas".

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