Acute mesenteric ischemia causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby

Overview

Acute mesenteric ischemia is caused in 50% of the cases by an embolism in the arterial mesenteric vasculature and in 30 % of the cases by a thrombus. 5% of the cases of acute mesenteric ischemia are caused by venous occlusion due to hypercoagulable state. In 20 to 30% of the cases, acute mesenteric ischemia is non occlusive and is caused by decreased systemic perfusion in the setting of an elderly patients with multiple co-morbidities and under treatment with medications that affect the effective circulatory volume such as diuretics.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Causes

Occlusive Arterial Acute Mesenteric Ischemia (65-75%)

Occlusive Venous Acute Mesenteric Ischemia (5%)

Inherited hypercoagulability
- Factor V Laden
- Prothrombin gene mutation
- Antithrombin III deficiency
- Protein C deficiency
- Protein S deficiency
Malignancy
Pancreatitis

Non Occlusive Mesenteric Ischemia (20-30%)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Klar E, Rahmanian PB, Bücker A, Hauenstein K, Jauch KW, Luther B: Acute mesenteric ischemia: a vascular emergency. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2012; 109(14): 249–56. DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2012.0249
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Reinus JF, Brandt LJ, Boley SJ (1990). "Ischemic diseases of the bowel". Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 19 (2): 319–43. PMID 2194948.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Rosenblum JD, Boyle CM, Schwartz LB (1997). "The mesenteric circulation. Anatomy and physiology". Surg Clin North Am. 77 (2): 289–306. PMID 9146713.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Haglund U. Mesenteric ischemia. In: Holzheimer RG, Mannick JA, editors. Surgical Treatment: Evidence-Based and Problem-Oriented. Munich: Zuckschwerdt; 2001. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK6883/

[klar-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Klar E, Rahmanian PB, Bücker A, Hauenstein K, Jauch KW, Luther B: Acute mesenteric ischemia: a vascular emergency. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2012; 109(14): 249–56. DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2012.0249

[pmid2194948-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Reinus JF, Brandt LJ, Boley SJ (1990). "Ischemic diseases of the bowel". Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 19 (2): 319–43. PMID 2194948.

[pmid9146713-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Rosenblum JD, Boyle CM, Schwartz LB (1997). "The mesenteric circulation. Anatomy and physiology". Surg Clin North Am. 77 (2): 289–306. PMID 9146713.

[Hag-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Haglund U. Mesenteric ischemia. In: Holzheimer RG, Mannick JA, editors. Surgical Treatment: Evidence-Based and Problem-Oriented. Munich: Zuckschwerdt; 2001. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK6883/

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