Achlorhydria
You don't need to be Editor-In-Chief to add or edit content to WikiDoc. You can begin to add to or edit text on this WikiDoc page by clicking on the edit button at the top of this page. Next enter or edit the information that you would like to appear here. Once you are done editing, scroll down and click the Save page button at the bottom of the page.
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-632-7753
Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [2] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.
Overview
| Achlorhydria Classification and external resources | |
 | |
|---|---|
| Hydrogen chloride (major component of gastric acid) | |
| ICD-10 | K31.8 |
| ICD-9 | 536.0 |
| DiseasesDB | 29513 |
| eMedicine | med/18 |
| MeSH | D000126 |
|
WikiDoc Resources for Achlorhydria | |
|
Articles | |
|---|---|
|
Most recent articles on Achlorhydria Most cited articles on Achlorhydria | |
|
Media | |
|
Powerpoint slides on Achlorhydria | |
|
Evidence Based Medicine | |
|
Clinical Trials | |
|
Ongoing Trials on Achlorhydria at Clinical Trials.gov Clinical Trials on Achlorhydria at Google
| |
|
Guidelines / Policies / Govt | |
|
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Achlorhydria
| |
|
Books | |
|
News | |
|
Commentary | |
|
Definitions | |
|
Patient Resources / Community | |
|
Patient resources on Achlorhydria Discussion groups on Achlorhydria Patient Handouts on Achlorhydria Directions to Hospitals Treating Achlorhydria Risk calculators and risk factors for Achlorhydria
| |
|
Healthcare Provider Resources | |
|
Causes & Risk Factors for Achlorhydria | |
|
Continuing Medical Education (CME) | |
|
International | |
|
| |
|
Business | |
|
Experimental / Informatics | |
Achlorhydria and hypochlorhydria refer to states where the production of gastric acid in the stomach is absent or low, respectively. It is associated with various other medical problems.
Signs and symptoms
The decreased acid level itself causes few symptoms, but low acid levels in the stomach are linked with bacterial overgrowth (as the stomach does not kill microbes normally present in food), which can manifest as diarrhoea or decreased absorption of nutrients or vitamins. Risk of particular infections, such as Vibrio vulnificus (commonly from seafood) is increased.
Causes
- Autoimmune disorders where there is antibody production against parietal cells which normally produce gastric acid.
- The use of antacids or drugs that decrease gastric acid production (such as H2-receptor antagonists) or transport (such as proton pump inhibitors).
- A symptom of rare diseases such as mucolipidosis (type IV).
- A symptom of Helicobacter pylori infection which neutralizes and decreases secretion of gastric acid to aid its survival in the stomach.[1]
- A symptom of pernicious anemia, atrophic gastritis, VIPomas or of stomach cancer.
- Radiation therapy involving the stomach.
Diagnosis
90% of all patients with achlorhydria have detectable antibodies against the H+/K+ ATP-ase proton pump. The diagnosis is made if the gastric pH remains high (>4.0) despite maximum pentagastrin stimulation. High gastrin levels are often detected.
Treatment
Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause, supplementation of vitamins like vitamin B12 (which is poorly absorbed in the absence of intrinsic factor) in autoimmune disorders, and avoiding foods that may have a high microbial load, and in some cases the use of Betaine hydrochloride has been successful. Usually little or no treatment is necessary. Antibiotics may be needed in significant bacterial overgrowth.
Prognosis
Little is known on the prognosis of achlorhydria, although there have been reports of an increased risk of gastric cancer.[2]
References
- ↑ El-Omar EM, Oien K, El-Nujumi A, et al (1997). "Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic gastric acid hyposecretion". Gastroenterology 113 (1): 15–24. PMID 9207257.
- ↑ Svendsen JH, Dahl C, Svendsen LB, Christiansen PM (1986). "Gastric cancer risk in achlorhydric patients. A long-term follow-up study". Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 21 (1): 16–20. PMID 3952447.
See also
de:Achlorhydriegl:Aclorhidriait:Acloridria nl:Achloorhydriescn:Acloridria
| ||||
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
