Achalasia risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Assistant Editor-In-Chief:Rim Halaby, Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [2]
Overview
The most potent risk factor in the development of achalasia is Allgrove syndrome. Other risk factors include herpes infection, measles infection, autoimmune diseases, and HLA type 2.
Risk Factors
- Allgrove syndrome, also known as triple-A syndrome (AAA), or as Achalasia-Addisonianism-Alacrimia syndrome[1][2][3][4]
- Herpes infection[1]
- Measles infection[2]
- Autoimmune diseases[3]
- HLA type 2[4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Castagliuolo I, Brun P, Costantini M, Rizzetto C, Palù G, Costantino M; et al. (2004). "Esophageal achalasia: is the herpes simplex virus really innocent?". J Gastrointest Surg. 8 (1): 24–30, discussion 30. PMID 14746832.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Jones DB, Mayberry JF, Rhodes J, Munro J (1983). "Preliminary report of an association between measles virus and achalasia". J Clin Pathol. 36 (6): 655–7. PMC 498344. PMID 6853731.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Booy JD, Takata J, Tomlinson G, Urbach DR (2012). "The prevalence of autoimmune disease in patients with esophageal achalasia". Dis Esophagus. 25 (3): 209–13. doi:10.1111/j.1442-2050.2011.01249.x. PMID 21899655.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 De la Concha EG, Fernandez-Arquero M, Mendoza JL, Conejero L, Figueredo MA, Perez de la Serna J; et al. (1998). "Contribution of HLA class II genes to susceptibility in achalasia". Tissue Antigens. 52 (4): 381–4. PMID 9820602.