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| {{Infobox_Disease |
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| ==Overview==
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| '''Whipple's disease''' is a [[rare disease|rare]], [[systemic]] infectious disease caused by the [[bacterium]] ''[[Tropheryma whipplei]]''.<ref name=Puéchal_2002>{{cite journal |author=Puéchal X |title=Whipple's disease |journal=Joint Bone Spine |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=133-40 |year=2002 |pmid=12027303}}</ref> First described by [[George Hoyt Whipple]] in 1907 <ref>{{WhoNamedIt|synd|3892}}</ref><ref name=Whipple_1907>{{cite journal | author = Whipple GH | title = A hitherto undescribed disease characterized anatomically by deposits of fat and fatty acid in the intestinal and mesenteric lymphatic tissues | journal = Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp | year = 1907 | volume = 18 | pages = 382–93 | url= }}</ref> and commonly considered a gastrointestinal disorder, Whipple's disease primarily causes [[malabsorption]] but may affect any part of the body including the heart, lungs, brain, joints, and eyes. Weight loss, incomplete breakdown of carbohydrates or fats, and malfunctions of the immune system are common presenting symptoms.<ref name=Bai_2004>{{cite journal |author=Bai J, Mazure R, Vazquez H, Niveloni S, Smecuol E, Pedreira S, Mauriño E |title=Whipple's disease |journal=Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol |volume=2 |issue=10 |pages=849-60 |year=2004 |pmid=15476147}}</ref> When recognized and treated, Whipple's disease can usually be cured; untreated the disease may be fatal.
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| ==Symptoms==
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| * [[arthritis]]
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| * [[malabsorption]]
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| * intestinal lipodystrophy (accumulation of fatty deposits in lymph nodes of the intestine)
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| * [[lymphadenopathy]]
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| * [[abdominal pain]]
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| * [[diarrhea]]
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| * [[fever]]
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| * neurological symptoms
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| ** cognitive changes
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| ** [[nystagmus]]
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| ==Diagnosis==
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| Symptoms of Whipple's disease include joint problems, reduced vision, and intestinal inflammation (including [[diarrhea]]).
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| Diagnosis is made by intestinal [[biopsy]], which shows as [[Periodic acid-Schiff|PAS]]-positive [[macrophage]] inclusions.
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| At times, small bowel [[X-ray]]s may show some thickened folds.
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| ==Treatment==
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| Treatment is with [[penicillin]], [[ampicillin]], [[tetracycline]] or [[co-trimoxazole]] for 1 -2 years.<ref name=Bai_2004 /> Any treatment lasting less than a year has an approximate relapse rate of 40%. In the January 4, 2007 issue of the [[New England Journal of Medicine]], Fenollar ''et al'' suggest the use of [[doxycycline]] with [[hydroxychloroquine]] for 12 to 18 months. Sulfonamides ([[Sulfadiazine]] or [[Sulfamethoxazole]]) should be added for treatment of neurological symptoms.<ref name=Fenollar_2007>{{cite journal |author=Fenollar F, Puéchal X, Raoult D |title=Whipple's disease |journal=N Engl J Med |volume=356 |issue=1 |pages=55-66 |year=2007 |pmid=17202456}}</ref>
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|2}}
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| ==External links==
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| * [http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/whipple/ NIH]
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| * [http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec09/ch125/ch125e.html Merck]
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| == Acknowledgements ==
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| The content on this page was first contributed by: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.
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| [[it:Morbo di Whipple]]
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| [[de:Morbus Whipple]]
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| [[es:Enfermedad de Whipple]]
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| [[fr:Maladie de Whipple]]
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| [[pl:Choroba Whipple'a]]
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| [[Category:Disease]]
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| [[Category:Gastroenterology]]
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