Whipple's disease natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
No edit summary |
|||
| Line 47: | Line 47: | ||
**Adhesive pericarditis | **Adhesive pericarditis | ||
**Myocardial fibrosis | **Myocardial fibrosis | ||
** | **Congestive heart failure | ||
**Valvular heart disease | **Valvular heart disease | ||
**Acute ischemic stroke | **Acute ischemic stroke | ||
| Line 64: | Line 64: | ||
*'''Pulmonary complications''' | *'''Pulmonary complications''' | ||
**Pulmonary hypertension | **Pulmonary hypertension | ||
*'''Osteoarticular complications''' | |||
**Destructive arthritis | |||
**Joint deformity | |||
===Prognosis=== | ===Prognosis=== | ||
*Prognosis is generally very poor, if left untreated. | *Prognosis is generally very poor, if left untreated. | ||
*The prognosis of Whipple's disease is good if diagnosed properly and long-term treatment started early. | |||
*The presence of neurologic symptoms is associated with a particularly poor prognosis among patients with Whipple's disease. | *The presence of neurologic symptoms is associated with a particularly poor prognosis among patients with Whipple's disease. | ||
*The risk of relapse is approximately 40%, if treatment is not completed. | |||
*Relapse of Whipple's disease | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 18:05, 2 November 2017
|
Whipple's disease Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Whipple's disease natural history, complications and prognosis On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Whipple's disease natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
FDA on Whipple's disease natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
CDC on Whipple's disease natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
Whipple's disease natural history, complications and prognosis in the news |
|
Blogs on Whipple's disease natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Whipple's disease natural history, complications and prognosis |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2]
Overview
If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
OR
Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
OR
Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
Tropheryma whipplei infection has different clinical manifestations. It could cause acute infection, localized infection and the classic Whipple's disease. Each of them has its own progression and natural history.
Acute infection
- Tropheryma whipplei causes acute infections, including:
Classic Whipple's disease
Patients who developed the classic Whipple's disease, usually have 3 clinical phases:
- In the early phase, patients have nonspecific symptoms including fever and arthralgia that could last for years.[4]
- In the middle phase, patients develop gastrointestinal symptoms including diarrhea, abdominal pain and weight loss.[5]
- In the late phase, other organs might be involved. Neurologic symptoms including progressive dementia, personality changes and seizures might happen. Eyes, heart, lung, liver, and skin can be involved in this phase.[6]
Localized infection
Patients might present with localized infection instead of systemic involvement after being infected by Tropheryma whipplei.
- Endocarditis: Patients might develop blood culture-negative endocarditis. Since it is hard to diagnose Tropheryma whipplei infection without the systemic symptoms, if left untreated, it could be lethal.[7]
- Encephalitis: Ataxia and dementia are common. Empirical antibiotic therapy might be considered for rapid resolution.[8]
- Pulmonary involvement: Patients might present with interstitial lung disease, dry cough and shortness of breath.[9]
- Osteoarticular involvement: Isolated arthritis and spondylodiskitis are happend without systemic manifestions.[10]
- Eyes involvement: Patients might present with isolated uveitis and PCR of aqueous humor is used to establish the diagnosis.[11]
Complications
Common complications of Whipple's disease include:
- Cardiac complications
- Adhesive pericarditis
- Myocardial fibrosis
- Congestive heart failure
- Valvular heart disease
- Acute ischemic stroke
- Embolic events
- Neurologic complications
- Progressive dementia
- Cerebellar ataxia
- Personality changes
- Hemiparesis
- Seizure
- Wernicke’s encephalopathy
- Hypothalamic involvement
- Supranuclear ophthalmoplegia
- Pulmonary complications
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Osteoarticular complications
- Destructive arthritis
- Joint deformity
Prognosis
- Prognosis is generally very poor, if left untreated.
- The prognosis of Whipple's disease is good if diagnosed properly and long-term treatment started early.
- The presence of neurologic symptoms is associated with a particularly poor prognosis among patients with Whipple's disease.
- The risk of relapse is approximately 40%, if treatment is not completed.
- Relapse of Whipple's disease
References
- ↑ Raoult, Didier; Fenollar, Florence; Rolain, Jean-Marc; Minodier, Philippe; Bosdure, Emmanuelle; Li, Wenjun; Garnier, Jean-Marc; Richet, Hervé (2010). "Tropheryma whipplei in Children with Gastroenteritis". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 16 (5): 776–782. doi:10.3201/eid1605.091801. ISSN 1080-6040.
- ↑ Lozupone, Catherine; Cota-Gomez, Adela; Palmer, Brent E.; Linderman, Derek J.; Charlson, Emily S.; Sodergren, Erica; Mitreva, Makedonka; Abubucker, Sahar; Martin, John; Yao, Guohui; Campbell, Thomas B.; Flores, Sonia C.; Ackerman, Gail; Stombaugh, Jesse; Ursell, Luke; Beck, James M.; Curtis, Jeffrey L.; Young, Vincent B.; Lynch, Susan V.; Huang, Laurence; Weinstock, George M.; Knox, Kenneth S.; Twigg, Homer; Morris, Alison; Ghedin, Elodie; Bushman, Frederic D.; Collman, Ronald G.; Knight, Rob; Fontenot, Andrew P. (2013). "Widespread Colonization of the Lung byTropheryma whippleiin HIV Infection". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 187 (10): 1110–1117. doi:10.1164/rccm.201211-2145OC. ISSN 1073-449X.
- ↑ Fenollar, Florence; Mediannikov, Oleg; Socolovschi, Cristina; Bassene, Hubert; Diatta, Georges; Richet, Hervé; Tall, Adama; Sokhna, Cheikh; Trape, Jean‐François; Raoult, Didier (2010). "Tropheryma whippleiBacteremia during Fever in Rural West Africa". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 51 (5): 515–521. doi:10.1086/655677. ISSN 1058-4838.
- ↑ Bai, J; Mazure, R; Vazquez, H; Niveloni, S; Smecuol, E; Pedreira, S; Maurino, E (2004). "Whipple's disease". Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2 (10): 849–860. doi:10.1016/S1542-3565(04)00387-8. ISSN 1542-3565.
- ↑ Puéchal, Xavier (2013). "Whipple's disease". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 72 (6): 797–803. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202684. ISSN 0003-4967.
- ↑ Fleming, Jon L.; Wiesner, Russell H.; Shorter, Roy G. (1988). "Whipple's Disease: Clinical, Biochemical, and Histopathologic Features and Assessment of Treatment in 29 Patients". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 63 (6): 539–551. doi:10.1016/S0025-6196(12)64884-8. ISSN 0025-6196.
- ↑ Geissdorfer, W.; Moos, V.; Moter, A.; Loddenkemper, C.; Jansen, A.; Tandler, R.; Morguet, A. J.; Fenollar, F.; Raoult, D.; Bogdan, C.; Schneider, T. (2011). "High Frequency of Tropheryma whipplei in Culture-Negative Endocarditis". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 50 (2): 216–222. doi:10.1128/JCM.05531-11. ISSN 0095-1137.
- ↑ Fenollar, Florence; Nicoli, François; Paquet, Claire; Lepidi, Hubert; Cozzone, Patrick; Antoine, Jean-Christophe; Pouget, Jean; Raoult, Didier (2011). "Progressive dementia associated with ataxia or obesity in patients with Tropheryma whipplei encephalitis". BMC Infectious Diseases. 11 (1). doi:10.1186/1471-2334-11-171. ISSN 1471-2334.
- ↑ Urbanski, Geoffrey; Rivereau, Philippe; Artru, Laure; Fenollar, Florence; Raoult, Didier; Puéchal, Xavier (2012). "Whipple Disease Revealed by Lung Involvement". Chest. 141 (6): 1595–1598. doi:10.1378/chest.11-1812. ISSN 0012-3692.
- ↑ Bruhlmann, P. (2000). "Diagnosis and therapy monitoring of Whipple's arthritis by polymerase chain reaction". Rheumatology. 39 (12): 1427–1428. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/39.12.1427. ISSN 1460-2172.
- ↑ Bauerfeind, Peter; Koelz, Hans-Rudolf; Altwegg, Martin (1999). "PCR for Tropheryma whippelii". The Lancet. 354 (9188): 1476–1477. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)77620-0. ISSN 0140-6736.