Whipple's disease: Difference between revisions

	Whipple's disease Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Whipple's disease from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X Ray
CT
MRI
Ultrasound
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Whipple's disease On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Whipple's disease All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Whipple's disease
CDC on Whipple's disease
Whipple's disease in the news
Blogs on Whipple's disease
Directions to Hospitals Treating Whipple's disease
Risk calculators and risk factors for Whipple's disease

	Whipple's disease;
	light microscopy of small intestine;Whipples Disease: enlarged villus with abundant macrophages
ICD-10	K90.8
ICD-9	040.2
DiseasesDB	14124
MedlinePlus	000209
MeSH	D008061

VisualWikitext

Latest revision as of 00:44, 30 July 2020

For patient information, click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2]

Synonyms and keywords: Intestinal lipodystrophy; Whipple disease

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Whipple's disease from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Treatment

Case Studies

Case #1

External Links

NIH

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
+__NOTOC__
+'''For patient information, click [[Whipple's disease (patient information)|here]]'''
-{{Infobox_Disease
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SSH}}
+<small>{{Infobox_Disease
   | Name           = {{PAGENAME}}
   | Image          = Whipple2.jpg
@@ Line 11: / Line 13: @@
   | OMIM           =
   | MedlinePlus    = 000209
- | eMedicineSubj  = med
- | eMedicineTopic = 2409
- | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|neuro|397}}
   | MeshID         = D008061
-}}
+}}</small>
-{{Search infobox}}
+{{Whipple's disease}}
-{{CMG}}
+{{SK}} Intestinal lipodystrophy; Whipple disease
+==[[Whipple's disease overview|Overview]]==
+==[[Whipple's disease historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
-==Overview==
+==[[Whipple's disease classification|Classification]]==
-'''Whipple's disease''' is a [[rare disease|rare]], [[systemic]] infectious disease caused by the [[bacterium]] ''[[Tropheryma whipplei]]''.<ref name=Puéchal_2002>{{cite journal |author=Puéchal X |title=Whipple's disease |journal=Joint Bone Spine |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=133-40 |year=2002 |pmid=12027303}}</ref> First described by [[George Hoyt Whipple]] in 1907<ref>{{WhoNamedIt|synd|3892}}</ref><ref name=Whipple_1907>{{cite journal | author = Whipple GH | title = A hitherto undescribed disease characterized anatomically by deposits of fat and fatty acid in the intestinal and mesenteric lymphatic tissues | journal = Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp | year = 1907 | volume = 18 | pages = 382&ndash;93 | url= }}</ref> and commonly considered a gastrointestinal disorder, Whipple's disease primarily causes [[malabsorption]] but may affect any part of the body including the heart, lungs, brain, joints, and eyes. Weight loss, diarrhea, joint pain, and arthritis are common presenting symptoms, but the presentation can be highly variable and approximately 15% of patients do not have these classic signs and symptoms.<ref name=Bai_2004>{{cite journal |author=Bai J, Mazure R, Vazquez H, Niveloni S, Smecuol E, Pedreira S, Mauriño E |title=Whipple's disease |journal=Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol |volume=2 |issue=10 |pages=849-60 |year=2004 |pmid=15476147}}</ref>. Whipple's disease is significantly more common in men, with a striking 87% of patients being male.<ref name=Fenollar_2007>{{cite journal |author=Fenollar F, Puéchal X, Raoult D |title=Whipple's disease |journal=N Engl J Med |volume=356 |issue=1 |pages=55-66 |year=2007 |pmid=17202456}}</ref>. When recognized and treated, Whipple's disease can usually be cured with long-term antibiotic therapy; untreated the disease is ultimately fatal.
-==Mnemonics==
+==[[Whipple's disease pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
-<b>W H I P P L E S</b>
-*[[Weight Loss]]
-*[[Hyperpigmentation]] of the skin
-*Infection with [[Tropheryma whipplei]]
-*PAS positive granules in [[macrophage]]
-*[[Polyarthritis]]
-*[[Lymphadenopathy]]
-*[[Enteric]] Involvement
-*[[Steatorrhea]]
-==Symptoms==
+==[[Whipple's disease causes|Causes]]==
-* [[arthritis]] upto 75% or [[arthralgia]]. Usually oligo- or polyarticular, symmetyric, transient and can be chronic.
-* [[malabsorption]]
+==[[Whipple's disease differential diagnosis|Differentiating Whipple's disease from other Diseases]]==
-* intestinal lipodystrophy (accumulation of fatty deposits in lymph nodes of the intestine)
-* [[lymphadenopathy]]
+==[[Whipple's disease epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
-* [[abdominal pain]]
-* [[diarrhea]]
+==[[Whipple's disease risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
-* [[fever]]
-* melanoderma
+==[[Whipple's disease screening|Screening]]==
-* neurological symptoms
-** cognitive changes
+==[[Whipple's disease natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
-** [[nystagmus]]
 ==Diagnosis==
-Common clinical signs and symptoms of Whipple's disease include weight loss, diarrhea, joint pain or arthritis, fever, and [[adenopathy]]. Diagnosis is made by intestinal [[biopsy]], which reveals presence of the organism as [[Periodic acid-Schiff|PAS]]-positive [[macrophage]] inclusions. [[Immunohistochemical]] staining for antibodies against <i>T. whipplei</i> has been used to detect the organism in a variety if tissues, and a confirmatory [[PCR]]-based assay is also available.
+[[Whipple's disease history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Whipple's disease physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Whipple's disease laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Whipple's disease electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Whipple's disease x ray|X Ray]] | [[Whipple's disease CT|CT]] | [[Whipple's disease MRI|MRI]] | [[Whipple's disease ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Whipple's disease other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Whipple's disease other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
-[[Endoscopy]] of the [[duodenum]] and [[jejunum]] can reveal pale yellow shaggy mucosa with erythematous eroded patches in patients with classic intestinal Whipple's disease, and small bowel [[X-ray]]s may show some thickened folds.
 ==Treatment==
-Treatment is with [[penicillin]], [[ampicillin]], [[tetracycline]] or [[co-trimoxazole]] for 1 -2 years.<ref name=Bai_2004 /> Any treatment lasting less than a year has an approximate relapse rate of 40%. In the January 4, 2007 issue of the [[New England Journal of Medicine]], Fenollar ''et al'' suggest the use of [[doxycycline]] with [[hydroxychloroquine]] for 12 to 18 months. Sulfonamides ([[Sulfadiazine]] or [[Sulfamethoxazole]]) should be added for treatment of neurological symptoms.<ref name=Fenollar_2007>{{cite journal |author=Fenollar F, Puéchal X, Raoult D |title=Whipple's disease |journal=N Engl J Med |volume=356 |issue=1 |pages=55-66 |year=2007 |pmid=17202456}}</ref>
+[[Whipple's disease medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Whipple's disease surgery|Surgery]] | [[Whipple's disease primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Whipple's disease secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Whipple's disease cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Whipple's disease future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
-==References==
+==Case Studies==
-<!-- ---------------------------------------------------------------
+[[Whipple's disease case study one|Case #1]]
-See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for a
-discussion of different citation methods and how to generate
-footnotes using the <ref> & </ref> tags and the {{Reflist}} template
--------------------------------------------------------------------- -->
-{{Reflist|2}}
-==External links==
+==External Links==
 * [http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/whipple/ NIH]
-* [http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec09/ch125/ch125e.html Merck]
-{{Gastroenterology}}
-[[de:Morbus Whipple]]
-[[es:Enfermedad de Whipple]]
-[[fr:Maladie de Whipple]]
-[[it:Morbo di Whipple]]
-[[nl:Ziekte van Whipple]]
-[[pl:Choroba Whipple'a]]
-[[pt:Doença de Whipple]]
-[[sv:Whipples sjukdom]]
-{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
-{{WikiDoc Sources}}
-[[Category:Digestive diseases]]
+[[Category:Medicine]]
 [[Category:Gastroenterology]]
-[[Category:Disease]]
+[[Category:Infectious disease]]
-[[Category:Mature chapter]]
+[[Category:Up-To-Date]]


Whipple's disease
light microscopy of small intestine;Whipples Disease: enlarged villus with abundant macrophages
ICD-10	K90.8
ICD-9	040.2
DiseasesDB	14124
MedlinePlus	000209
MeSH	D008061