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==Overview==
==Overview==
[[Turner syndrome]] was first described in 1938 by Henry Turner when he noticed a triad of [[short stature]], [[cubitus valgus]] and [[pterygium colli]]. Other scientists went to to discover the [[pathophysiology]] of the[[45 XO karyotype]] and the presence of [[streaked ovaries]].
==Historical Perspective==
==Historical Perspective==


The syndrome is named after Henry Turner, an Oklahoma endocrinologist, who described it in 1938.<ref> Turner HH. (1938). A syndrome of infantilism, congenital webbed neck, and cubitus valgus. ''Endocrinology''. '''23''':566-574. </ref> In Europe, it is often called '''Ullrich-Turner syndrome''' or even '''Bonnevie-Ulrich-Turner syndrome''' to acknowledge that earlier cases had also been described by European doctors.  
*[[Turner syndrome]] was first described by Henry Turner, an Oklahoma [[endocrinologist]] in 1938 as a patient with [[short stature]], [[sexual infantilism]], [[cubitus valgus]] and [[pterygium colli]]. {{cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554621/ |title=Turner Syndrome - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf |format= |work= |accessdate=}}
 
*Ulrich (in 1930) and Bonnevie (in 1934) described similar findings in a young girl and mouse.
The first published report of a female with a 45,X [[karyotype]] was in 1959 by Dr. Charles Ford and colleagues in Harwell, Oxfordshire and Guy's Hospital in London.<ref name="ford 1959">{{cite journal |author=Ford CE, Jones KW, Polani PE, de Almeida JC, Briggs JH |month=April 4, |year=1959 |title=A sex-chromosome anomaly in a case of gonadal dysgenesis (Turner's syndrome) |journal=Lancet |volume=273 |issue=7075 |pages=711-3 |id=PMID 13642858 |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T1B-49J95GR-DW&_user=10&_coverDate=04%2F04%2F1959&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=853bb25a0b51f31d72fcbbe51ad995ba}}</ref> It was found in a 14-year-old girl with signs of Turner syndrome.
*[[Ovarian failure]] and [[streaked gonads]] were noted in 1944 by Henry Silver and Kaiser who found elevated [[gonadotrophins]] in a 32 month old child. {{cite web |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-abstract/496168 |title=OVARIAN AGENESIS (CONGENITAL APLASTIC OVARIES) IN CHILDREN &#124; JAMA Pediatrics &#124; JAMA Network |format= |work= |accessdate=}}
*C.E Ford et al first described the [[pathophysiology]] of [[45 XO]] in 1959 at Harwell, Oxfordshire and Guy's Hospital in London.[2] It was found in a 14-year-old girl with signs of [[Turner syndrome]]. <ref name="pmid15097963">{{cite journal| author=Lowenstein EJ, Kim KH, Glick SA| title=Turner's syndrome in dermatology. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2004 | volume= 50 | issue= 5 | pages= 767-76 | pmid=15097963 | doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2003.07.031 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15097963  }} </ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
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Latest revision as of 15:08, 31 August 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Akash Daswaney, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

Turner syndrome was first described in 1938 by Henry Turner when he noticed a triad of short stature, cubitus valgus and pterygium colli. Other scientists went to to discover the pathophysiology of the45 XO karyotype and the presence of streaked ovaries.

Historical Perspective

  • Turner syndrome was first described by Henry Turner, an Oklahoma endocrinologist in 1938 as a patient with short stature, sexual infantilism, cubitus valgus and pterygium colli. "Turner Syndrome - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf".
  • Ulrich (in 1930) and Bonnevie (in 1934) described similar findings in a young girl and mouse.
  • Ovarian failure and streaked gonads were noted in 1944 by Henry Silver and Kaiser who found elevated gonadotrophins in a 32 month old child. "OVARIAN AGENESIS (CONGENITAL APLASTIC OVARIES) IN CHILDREN | JAMA Pediatrics | JAMA Network".
  • C.E Ford et al first described the pathophysiology of 45 XO in 1959 at Harwell, Oxfordshire and Guy's Hospital in London.[2] It was found in a 14-year-old girl with signs of Turner syndrome. [1]

References

  1. Lowenstein EJ, Kim KH, Glick SA (2004). "Turner's syndrome in dermatology". J Am Acad Dermatol. 50 (5): 767–76. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2003.07.031. PMID 15097963.


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