Tongue cancer primary prevention: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Tongue cancer}} | {{Tongue cancer}} | ||
{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{Simrat}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Simrat}} {{MAD}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Effective measures for the primary prevention of tongue cancer include avoiding the use of tobacco and excessive use of alcohol. | Effective measures for the [[primary prevention]] of tongue cancer include avoiding the use of tobacco and excessive use of alcohol. Main methods for prevention are natural components such as: [[vitamin A]], [[vitamin E]], and [[beta-carotene]] because they are rich in trace elements and [[antioxidants]]. There is a protective effect of diets rich in fresh fruits and vegetables to reduce the incidence of [[leukoplakia]]. There is no effective oral cancer screening program either a general or a selected high-risk population for oral cancer in the United States. Screening high-risk individuals in developing countries could be an effective prevention strategy that lowered the stage of oral cancer at diagnosis and improved 5-year survival. | ||
== | |||
* | == Screening == | ||
* | * Tongue cancer [[Screening (medicine)|screening]] is not standard procedure for a health assessment.<ref name="pmid15936419">{{cite journal| author=Sankaranarayanan R, Ramadas K, Thomas G, Muwonge R, Thara S, Mathew B et al.| title=Effect of screening on oral cancer mortality in Kerala, India: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. | journal=Lancet | year= 2005 | volume= 365 | issue= 9475 | pages= 1927-33 | pmid=15936419 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66658-5 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15936419 }}</ref> | ||
* There is no effective oral cancer screening program either a general or a selected high-risk population for oral cancer in the United States. | |||
* Screening high-risk individuals in developing countries could be an effective prevention strategy that lowered the stage of oral cancer at diagnosis and improved 5-year survival.<ref name="pmid9192546">{{cite journal| author=Santana JC, Delgado L, Miranda J, Sánchez M| title=Oral Cancer Case Finding Program (OCCFP). | journal=Oral Oncol | year= 1997 | volume= 33 | issue= 1 | pages= 10-2 | pmid=9192546 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9192546 }}</ref> | |||
* [[Screening (medicine)|Screening]] subjects in the subgroup who used tobacco or alcohol reduced the [[mortality rate]] from oral cancer.<ref name="pmid9307722">{{cite journal| author=Sankaranarayanan R| title=Health care auxiliaries in the detection and prevention of oral cancer. | journal=Oral Oncol | year= 1997 | volume= 33 | issue= 3 | pages= 149-54 | pmid=9307722 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9307722 }}</ref> | |||
== Prevention == | |||
*Avoiding known risk factors such as the use of tobacco and excessive use of alcohol is the best method of tongue cancer prevention.<ref name="pmid23422093">{{cite journal| author=Shin DM, Zhang H, Saba NF, Chen AY, Nannapaneni S, Amin AR et al.| title=Chemoprevention of head and neck cancer by simultaneous blocking of epidermal growth factor receptor and cyclooxygenase-2 signaling pathways: preclinical and clinical studies. | journal=Clin Cancer Res | year= 2013 | volume= 19 | issue= 5 | pages= 1244-56 | pmid=23422093 | doi=10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-3149 | pmc=3693760 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23422093 }}</ref> | |||
*Main methods for prevention are natural components such as: [[vitamin A]], [[vitamin E]], and [[beta-carotene]] beacuse they are rich in trace elements and [[antioxidants]].<ref name="pmid21893495">{{cite journal| author=Kreimer AR, Chaturvedi AK| title=HPV-associated Oropharyngeal Cancers--Are They Preventable? | journal=Cancer Prev Res (Phila) | year= 2011 | volume= 4 | issue= 9 | pages= 1346-9 | pmid=21893495 | doi=10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-11-0379 | pmc=3326607 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21893495 }}</ref> | |||
*There is a protective effect of diets rich in fresh fruits and vegetables to reduce incidence of [[leukoplakia]].<ref name="pmid3370632">{{cite journal| author=Stich HF, Hornby AP, Mathew B, Sankaranarayanan R, Nair MK| title=Response of oral leukoplakias to the administration of vitamin A. | journal=Cancer Lett | year= 1988 | volume= 40 | issue= 1 | pages= 93-101 | pmid=3370632 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3370632 }}</ref> | |||
*Toxicity of [[isotretinoin]] is the main [[Side effects|side effect]], particularly in patients treated with doses higher than '''2 mg/kg per day'''. | |||
*Patients treated at the lower dose level '''(1 mg/kg per day)''' had less toxicity and did not require dose reduction.<ref name="pmid16172459">{{cite journal| author=Wirth LJ, Haddad RI, Lindeman NI, Zhao X, Lee JC, Joshi VA et al.| title=Phase I study of gefitinib plus celecoxib in recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. | journal=J Clin Oncol | year= 2005 | volume= 23 | issue= 28 | pages= 6976-81 | pmid=16172459 | doi=10.1200/JCO.2005.02.4182 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16172459 }}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
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{{ | {{WS}} | ||
Latest revision as of 00:17, 3 December 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2] Mohammed Abdelwahed M.D[3]
Overview
Effective measures for the primary prevention of tongue cancer include avoiding the use of tobacco and excessive use of alcohol. Main methods for prevention are natural components such as: vitamin A, vitamin E, and beta-carotene because they are rich in trace elements and antioxidants. There is a protective effect of diets rich in fresh fruits and vegetables to reduce the incidence of leukoplakia. There is no effective oral cancer screening program either a general or a selected high-risk population for oral cancer in the United States. Screening high-risk individuals in developing countries could be an effective prevention strategy that lowered the stage of oral cancer at diagnosis and improved 5-year survival.
Screening
- Tongue cancer screening is not standard procedure for a health assessment.[1]
- There is no effective oral cancer screening program either a general or a selected high-risk population for oral cancer in the United States.
- Screening high-risk individuals in developing countries could be an effective prevention strategy that lowered the stage of oral cancer at diagnosis and improved 5-year survival.[2]
- Screening subjects in the subgroup who used tobacco or alcohol reduced the mortality rate from oral cancer.[3]
Prevention
- Avoiding known risk factors such as the use of tobacco and excessive use of alcohol is the best method of tongue cancer prevention.[4]
- Main methods for prevention are natural components such as: vitamin A, vitamin E, and beta-carotene beacuse they are rich in trace elements and antioxidants.[5]
- There is a protective effect of diets rich in fresh fruits and vegetables to reduce incidence of leukoplakia.[6]
- Toxicity of isotretinoin is the main side effect, particularly in patients treated with doses higher than 2 mg/kg per day.
- Patients treated at the lower dose level (1 mg/kg per day) had less toxicity and did not require dose reduction.[7]
References
- ↑ Sankaranarayanan R, Ramadas K, Thomas G, Muwonge R, Thara S, Mathew B; et al. (2005). "Effect of screening on oral cancer mortality in Kerala, India: a cluster-randomised controlled trial". Lancet. 365 (9475): 1927–33. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66658-5. PMID 15936419.
- ↑ Santana JC, Delgado L, Miranda J, Sánchez M (1997). "Oral Cancer Case Finding Program (OCCFP)". Oral Oncol. 33 (1): 10–2. PMID 9192546.
- ↑ Sankaranarayanan R (1997). "Health care auxiliaries in the detection and prevention of oral cancer". Oral Oncol. 33 (3): 149–54. PMID 9307722.
- ↑ Shin DM, Zhang H, Saba NF, Chen AY, Nannapaneni S, Amin AR; et al. (2013). "Chemoprevention of head and neck cancer by simultaneous blocking of epidermal growth factor receptor and cyclooxygenase-2 signaling pathways: preclinical and clinical studies". Clin Cancer Res. 19 (5): 1244–56. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-3149. PMC 3693760. PMID 23422093.
- ↑ Kreimer AR, Chaturvedi AK (2011). "HPV-associated Oropharyngeal Cancers--Are They Preventable?". Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 4 (9): 1346–9. doi:10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-11-0379. PMC 3326607. PMID 21893495.
- ↑ Stich HF, Hornby AP, Mathew B, Sankaranarayanan R, Nair MK (1988). "Response of oral leukoplakias to the administration of vitamin A." Cancer Lett. 40 (1): 93–101. PMID 3370632.
- ↑ Wirth LJ, Haddad RI, Lindeman NI, Zhao X, Lee JC, Joshi VA; et al. (2005). "Phase I study of gefitinib plus celecoxib in recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck". J Clin Oncol. 23 (28): 6976–81. doi:10.1200/JCO.2005.02.4182. PMID 16172459.