Supraventricular tachycardia history and symptoms
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Supraventricular tachycardia Microchapters |
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Differentiating Among the Different Types of Supraventricular Tachycardia |
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Differentiating Supraventricular Tachycardia from Ventricular Tachycardia |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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2015 ACC/AHA Guideline Recommendations |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Symptoms
Symptoms that are common to all types of SVT include the following:
- Anxiety
- Asystole may occur due to tachycardia-mediated suppression of the sinus node when the rhythm in AVNRT
- Chest pain or sensation of tightness
- Dizziness, or lightheadedness (near-faint), or fainting
- Lightheadedness
- Palpitations - The sensation of the heart racing, fluttering or pounding strongly in the chest or the carotid arteries
- Shortness of breath
- Syncope in cases of AVNRT
- Sweating
- Tachycardia mediated cardiomyopathy may develop if the AVNRT is chronic and does not terminate.
- Sinoatrial node reentrant tachycardia (SANRT) is caused by a reentry circuit localised to the SA node, resulting in a normal-morphology p-wave that falls before a regular, narrow QRS complex. It is therefore impossible to distinguish on the EKG from ordinary sinus tachycardia. It may however be distinguished by its prompt response to Vagal manouvres.
- (Unifocal) Atrial tachycardia is tachycardia resultant from one ectopic foci within the atria, distinguished by a consistent p-wave of abnormal morphology that fall before a narrow, regular QRS complex.
- Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) is tachycardia resultant from at least three ectopic foci within the atria, distinguished by p-waves of at least three different morphologies that all fall before regular, narrow QRS complexes.
- Atrial fibrillation is not, in itself, a tachycardia, but when it is associated with a rapid ventricular response greater than 100 beats per minute, it becomes a tachycardia. A-fib is characteristically an "irregularly irregular rhythm" both in its atrial and ventricular depolarizations. It is distinguished by fibrillatory p-waves that, at some point in their chaos, stimulate a response from the ventricles in the form of irregular, narrow QRS complexes.
- Atrial flutter, is caused by a re-entry rhythm in the atria, with a regular rate of about 300 beats per minute. On the EKG, this appears as a line of "sawtooth" p-waves. The AV node will not usually conduct such a fast rate, and so the P:QRS usually involves a 2:1 or 4:1 block pattern, (though rarely 3:1, and most rarely and sometimes fatally 1:1). Because the ratio of P to QRS is usually consistent, A-flutter is often regular in comparison to its irregular counterpart, A-fib. Atrial Flutter is also not necessarily a tachycardia unless the AV node permits a ventricular response greater than 100 beats per minute.
- Junctional Ectopic Tachycardia or JET is a rare tachycardia caused by increased automaticity of the AV node itself initiating frequent heart beats. On the EKG, junctional tachycardia often presents with abnormal morphology p-waves that may fall anywhere in relation to a regular, narrow QRS complex.