Suicidal ideation (patient information): Difference between revisions
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{{CMG}};{{AE}}{{Vbe}} | {{CMG}};{{AE}}{{Vbe}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Suicidal thoughts, also known as [[suicidal ideation]], are thoughts about how to kill oneself, which can range from a detailed plan to a fleeting consideration and does not include the final act of killing oneself | [[Suicidal]] thoughts, also known as [[suicidal ideation]], are thoughts about how to kill oneself, which can range from a detailed plan to a fleeting consideration and does not include the final act of killing oneself | ||
==What are the symptoms of Suicide?== | ==What are the symptoms of Suicide?== | ||
Often, but not always, a person may show certain [[symptoms]] or behaviors before a suicide attempt, including: | Often, but not always, a person may show certain [[symptoms]] or behaviors before a [[suicide attempt]], including: | ||
*Having trouble concentrating or thinking clearly | |||
*Giving away belongings | |||
*Talking about going away or the need to get my affairs in order | |||
*Suddenly changing [[behavior]], especially calmness after a period of [[anxiety]] | |||
*Losing interest in activities that they used to enjoy | |||
*Performing self-destructive behaviors, such as heavily drinking [[alcohol]], using illegal [[drugs]], or cutting their body | |||
*Pulling away from friends or not wanting to go out | |||
*Suddenly having trouble in [[School Health Education Study|school]] or [[Work-exacerbated rhinitis|work]] | |||
*Talking about death or [[suicide]], or even saying that they want to hurt themselves | |||
*Talking about feeling hopeless or guilty | |||
*Changing [[sleep]] or [[eating]] habits | |||
==What causes Suicide?== | ==What causes Suicide?== | ||
*Suicide and suicidal behaviors usually '''occur in people with:''' | *[[Suicide]] and [[suicidal]] behaviors usually '''occur in people with:''' | ||
:*[[Bipolar disorder (patient information)|Bipolar disorder]] | :*[[Bipolar disorder (patient information)|Bipolar disorder]] | ||
:*[[Borderline personality disorder (patient information)|Borderline personality disorder]] | :*[[Borderline personality disorder (patient information)|Borderline personality disorder]] | ||
:*[[Clinical depression (patient information)|Depression]] | :*[[Clinical depression (patient information)|Depression]] | ||
:*Drug or alcohol dependence | :*[[Drug]] or [[alcohol]] dependence | ||
:*[[Schizophrenia (patient information)|Schizophrenia]] | :*[[Schizophrenia (patient information)|Schizophrenia]] | ||
*People who try to commit suicide are often trying to get away from a life situation that seems impossible to deal with. Many who make a suicide attempt are seeking relief from: | *People who try to commit [[suicide]] are often trying to get away from a life situation that seems impossible to deal with. Many who make a [[suicide attempt]] are seeking relief from: | ||
:*Feeling ashamed, guilty, or like a burden to others | :*Feeling ashamed, guilty, or like a burden to others | ||
:*Feeling like a victim | :*Feeling like a victim | ||
:*Feelings of rejection, loss, or loneliness | :*Feelings of rejection, loss, or loneliness | ||
*Suicidal behaviors may be caused by a situation or event that the person views as overwhelming, such as: | *[[Suicidal]] behaviors may be caused by a situation or event that the person views as overwhelming, such as: | ||
:*Aging (the elderly have the highest rate of suicide) | :*[[Aging]] (the elderly have the highest rate of suicide) | ||
:*Death of a loved one | :*Death of a loved one | ||
:*Dependence on drugs or alcohol | :*Dependence on drugs or [[alcohol]] | ||
:*Emotional trauma | :*Emotional trauma | ||
:*Serious | :*Serious [[Physical therapy|physica]]<nowiki/>l illness | ||
:*Unemployment or money problems | :*Unemployment or money problems | ||
*Most suicide attempts do not result in death. Many of these attempts are done in a way that makes rescue possible. These attempts are often a cry for help. | *Most suicide attempts do not result in death. Many of these attempts are done in a way that makes rescue possible. These attempts are often a cry for help. | ||
*Some people attempt suicide in a way that is somewhat non-violent, such as poisoning or overdose. Males, especially elderly men, are more likely to choose violent methods, such as shooting themselves. As a result, suicide attempts by males are more likely to be completed. | *Some people attempt suicide in a way that is somewhat non-violent, such as poisoning or overdose. Males, especially elderly men, are more likely to choose violent methods, such as shooting themselves. As a result, [[suicide]] attempts by [[males]] are more likely to be completed. | ||
*Relatives of people who attempt or commit suicide often blame themselves or become very angry. They may see the suicide attempt as selfish. However, people who try to commit suicide often mistakenly believe that they are doing their friends and relatives a favor by taking themselves out of the world. | *Relatives of people who attempt or commit [[suicide]] often blame themselves or become very angry. They may see the [[suicide attempt]] as selfish. However, people who try to commit [[suicide]] often mistakenly believe that they are doing their friends and relatives a favor by taking themselves out of the world. | ||
==Who is at highest risk?== | ==Who is at highest risk?== | ||
Risk factors for suicide in teenagers include: | Risk factors for [[suicide]] in teenagers include: | ||
*Access to guns | *Access to guns | ||
*Family member who committed suicide | *Family member who committed [[suicide]] | ||
*History of hurting themselves on purpose | *[[History and Physical examination|History]] of hurting themselves on purpose | ||
*History of being neglected or abused | *History of being neglected or abused | ||
*Living in communities where there have been recent outbreaks of suicide in young people | *Living in communities where there have been recent outbreaks of [[suicide]] in young people | ||
*Romantic breakup | *Romantic breakup | ||
==When to seek urgent medical care?== | ==When to seek urgent medical care?== | ||
Call a health care | Call a [[Health care provider|health care provide]]<nowiki/>r right away if you or someone you know is having thoughts of [[suicide]]. | ||
==Treatment options== | ==Treatment options== | ||
*'''A person may need emergency treatment after a suicide attempt.''' They may need first aid, [[CPR]], or mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. | *'''A person may need emergency treatment after a suicide attempt.''' They may need first aid, [[CPR]], or mouth-to-mouth [[resuscitation]]. | ||
*'''People who try to commit suicide may need to stay in a hospital for treatment and to reduce the risk of future attempts.''' Therapy is one of the most important parts of treatment. | *'''People who try to commit suicide may need to stay in a hospital for treatment and to reduce the risk of future attempts.''' [[Therapy]] is one of the most important parts of treatment. | ||
*The condition that may have caused the suicide attempt should be treated. This includes: | *The condition that may have caused the [[suicide attempt]] should be treated. This includes: | ||
:*[[Bipolar disorder (patient information)|Bipolar disorder]] | :*[[Bipolar disorder (patient information)|Bipolar disorder]] | ||
:*[[Borderline personality disorder (patient information)|Borderline personality disorder]] | :*[[Borderline personality disorder (patient information)|Borderline personality disorder]] | ||
:*Drug or alcohol dependence | :*[[Drug]] or [[alcohol]] dependence | ||
:*[[Major depressive disorder (patient information)|Major depression]] | :*[[Major depressive disorder (patient information)|Major depression]] | ||
*People who are at risk for suicidal behavior may not get treated for many reasons, including: | *People who are at risk for [[suicidal]] behavior may not get treated for many reasons, including: | ||
:*They believe nothing will help | :*They believe nothing will help | ||
:*They do not want to tell anyone they have problems | :*They do not want to tell anyone they have problems | ||
| Line 79: | Line 79: | ||
:*They do not know where to go for help | :*They do not know where to go for help | ||
*If you or someone you know is thinking about suicide, there are numbers that you can call from anywhere in the United States, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week: '''1-800-SUICIDE or 1-800-999-9999.''' | *If you or someone you know is thinking about [[suicide]], there are numbers that you can call from anywhere in the [[United States]], 24 hours a day, 7 days a week: '''1-800-SUICIDE or 1-800-999-9999.''' | ||
*As with any other type of emergency, call the local emergency number (such as 911) right away if someone you know has attempted suicide. '''Do not leave the person alone, even after you have called for help.''' | *As with any other type of [[emergency]], call the local emergency number (such as 911) right away if someone you know has attempted [[suicide]]. '''Do not leave the person alone, even after you have called for help.''' | ||
==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?== | ==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?== | ||
*Always take suicide attempts and threats seriously. | *Always take [[suicide]] attempts and threats seriously. | ||
*About one-third of people who try to commit suicide will try again within 1 year. | *About one-third of people who try to commit suicide will try again within 1 year. | ||
*About 10% of people who threaten or try to commit suicide will eventually kill themselves. | *About 10% of people who threaten or try to commit [[suicide]] will eventually kill themselves. | ||
*The person needs mental health care right away. '''Do not dismiss the person as just trying to get attention.''' | *The person needs [[mental health]] care right away. '''Do not dismiss the person as just trying to get attention.''' | ||
==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?== | ==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?== | ||
*Always take suicide attempts and threats seriously. | *Always take [[suicide]] attempts and threats seriously. | ||
*About one-third of people who try to commit suicide will try again within 1 year. | *About one-third of people who try to commit [[suicide]] will try again within 1 year. | ||
*About 10% of people who threaten or try to commit suicide will eventually kill themselves. | *About 10% of people who threaten or try to commit suicide will eventually kill themselves. | ||
| Line 101: | Line 101: | ||
*The person needs mental health care right away. '''Do not dismiss the person as just trying to get attention.''' | *The person needs mental health care right away. '''Do not dismiss the person as just trying to get attention.''' | ||
==Possible complications== | ==Possible complications== | ||
Complications depend on the type of suicide attempt. | [[Complications of PCI|Complications]] depend on the type of [[suicide]] attempt. | ||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
*'''Avoiding alcohol and drugs''' (other than prescribed medicines) can reduce the risk of suicide. | *'''Avoiding [[alcohol]] and [[drugs]]''' (other than prescribed medicines) can reduce the risk of suicide. | ||
*'''In homes with children or teenagers:''' | *'''In homes with children or teenagers:''' | ||
:*Keep all prescription medicines high up and locked. | :*Keep all prescription [[Medicines Act|medicines]] high up and locked. | ||
:*Do not keep alcohol in the home, or keep it locked up. | :*Do not keep [[alcohol]] in the home, or keep it locked up. | ||
:*Do not keep guns in the home. If you do keep guns in the home, lock them and keep the bullets separate. | :*Do not keep guns in the home. If you do keep guns in the home, lock them and keep the bullets separate. | ||
*Many people who try to commit suicide talk about it before making the attempt. Sometimes, just talking to someone who cares and who does not judge them is enough to reduce the risk of suicide. For this reason, suicide prevention centers have telephone '''hotline''' services. | *Many people who try to commit [[suicide]] talk about it before making the attempt. Sometimes, just talking to someone who cares and who does not judge them is enough to reduce the risk of [[suicide]]. For this reason, [[suicide prevention]] centers have telephone '''hotline''' services. | ||
*Never ignore a suicide threat or attempted suicide. | *Never ignore a [[suicide]] threat or attempted [[Suicide attempt|suicide]]. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001554.htm | http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001554.htm | ||
Latest revision as of 18:32, 12 December 2017
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vindhya BellamKonda, M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Suicidal thoughts, also known as suicidal ideation, are thoughts about how to kill oneself, which can range from a detailed plan to a fleeting consideration and does not include the final act of killing oneself
What are the symptoms of Suicide?
Often, but not always, a person may show certain symptoms or behaviors before a suicide attempt, including:
- Having trouble concentrating or thinking clearly
- Giving away belongings
- Talking about going away or the need to get my affairs in order
- Suddenly changing behavior, especially calmness after a period of anxiety
- Losing interest in activities that they used to enjoy
- Performing self-destructive behaviors, such as heavily drinking alcohol, using illegal drugs, or cutting their body
- Pulling away from friends or not wanting to go out
- Suddenly having trouble in school or work
- Talking about death or suicide, or even saying that they want to hurt themselves
- Talking about feeling hopeless or guilty
- Changing sleep or eating habits
What causes Suicide?
- People who try to commit suicide are often trying to get away from a life situation that seems impossible to deal with. Many who make a suicide attempt are seeking relief from:
- Feeling ashamed, guilty, or like a burden to others
- Feeling like a victim
- Feelings of rejection, loss, or loneliness
- Suicidal behaviors may be caused by a situation or event that the person views as overwhelming, such as:
- Most suicide attempts do not result in death. Many of these attempts are done in a way that makes rescue possible. These attempts are often a cry for help.
- Some people attempt suicide in a way that is somewhat non-violent, such as poisoning or overdose. Males, especially elderly men, are more likely to choose violent methods, such as shooting themselves. As a result, suicide attempts by males are more likely to be completed.
- Relatives of people who attempt or commit suicide often blame themselves or become very angry. They may see the suicide attempt as selfish. However, people who try to commit suicide often mistakenly believe that they are doing their friends and relatives a favor by taking themselves out of the world.
Who is at highest risk?
Risk factors for suicide in teenagers include:
- Access to guns
- Family member who committed suicide
- History of hurting themselves on purpose
- History of being neglected or abused
- Living in communities where there have been recent outbreaks of suicide in young people
- Romantic breakup
When to seek urgent medical care?
Call a health care provider right away if you or someone you know is having thoughts of suicide.
Treatment options
- A person may need emergency treatment after a suicide attempt. They may need first aid, CPR, or mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
- People who try to commit suicide may need to stay in a hospital for treatment and to reduce the risk of future attempts. Therapy is one of the most important parts of treatment.
- The condition that may have caused the suicide attempt should be treated. This includes:
- People who are at risk for suicidal behavior may not get treated for many reasons, including:
- They believe nothing will help
- They do not want to tell anyone they have problems
- They think it is a sign of weakness to ask for help
- They do not know where to go for help
- If you or someone you know is thinking about suicide, there are numbers that you can call from anywhere in the United States, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week: 1-800-SUICIDE or 1-800-999-9999.
- As with any other type of emergency, call the local emergency number (such as 911) right away if someone you know has attempted suicide. Do not leave the person alone, even after you have called for help.
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
- Always take suicide attempts and threats seriously.
- About one-third of people who try to commit suicide will try again within 1 year.
- About 10% of people who threaten or try to commit suicide will eventually kill themselves.
- The person needs mental health care right away. Do not dismiss the person as just trying to get attention.
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
- Always take suicide attempts and threats seriously.
- About one-third of people who try to commit suicide will try again within 1 year.
- About 10% of people who threaten or try to commit suicide will eventually kill themselves.
- The person needs mental health care right away. Do not dismiss the person as just trying to get attention.
Possible complications
Complications depend on the type of suicide attempt.
Prevention
- In homes with children or teenagers:
- Many people who try to commit suicide talk about it before making the attempt. Sometimes, just talking to someone who cares and who does not judge them is enough to reduce the risk of suicide. For this reason, suicide prevention centers have telephone hotline services.