Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung staging
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung Microchapters |
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Differentiating Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung from other Diseases |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shanshan Cen, M.D. [2] Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [3]
Overview
According to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system, TNM system classifies squamous cell carcinoma of the lung by 3 factors, T for tumor, N for nodes, M for metastasis.[1]
Staging
American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Staging
- The table below summarizes the TNM staging system for the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer[1]
| TNM | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| TX | The primary tumour cannot be assessed, or there are malignant cells in the sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage but not seen on imaging or bronchoscopy | |
| T0 | No evidence of primary tumor | |
| Tis | Carcinoma in situ | |
| T1 | Tumour less than 3 cm in its greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic invasion into the main bronchus. | |
| T2 | A tumour with any of: more than 3 cm in greatest dimension; Extending into the main bronchus, but more than 2 cm distal to the carina; Obstructive pneumonitis, but not involving the entire lung | |
| T3 | A tumour with any of: invasion of the chest wall, diaphragm, mediastinal pleura, or parietal pericardium; Extending into the main bronchus, within 2 cm of the carina, but not involving the carina; Obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung | |
| T4 | A tumour with any of: invasion of the mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, oesophagus, vertebra, or carina; Separate tumour nodules in the same lobe; Malignant pleural effusion | |
| Regional Lymph Nodes | ||
| NX | Lymph nodes cannot be assessed | |
| N0 | No lymph nodes involved | |
| N1 | Metastasis to ipsilateral peribronchial or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes | |
| N2 | Metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal or subcarinal lymph nodes | |
| N3 | Metastasis to any of: ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph nodes; Ipsilateral scalene lymph nodes; Contralateral lymph nodes. | |
| Distant Metastasis | ||
| MX | Distant metastasis cannot be assessed | |
| M0 | No distant metastasis | |
| M1 | Distant metastasis is present | |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Stages of non–small cell lung cancer. Canadian Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/lung/staging/?region=ab