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{{Spinal stenosis}}
{{Spinal stenosis}}
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==Overview==
 
==Historical Perspective==
 
==Classification==
 
==Pathophysiology==
 
==Causes==
 
==Differentiating Xyz from Other Diseases==
 
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
 
==Risk Factors==
 
==Screening==
 
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==


==Overview==
'''Spinal stenosis''' is a [[medicine|medical]] condition in which the [[spinal canal]] narrows and compresses the [[spinal cord]] and [[nerves]].  This is usually due to the natural process of spinal degeneration that occurs with aging.  It can also sometimes be caused by [[spinal disc herniation]], [[osteoporosis]], or a [[tumour]].
Spinal stenosis may affect the [[cervical vertebrae|cervical spine]], the [[lumbar vertebrae|lumbar spine]] or both.  Lumbar spinal stenosis results in low [[back pain]] as well as [[Pain and nociception|pain]] or abnormal sensations in the [[leg]]s.


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
===Diagnostic Study of Choice===
===History and Symptoms===
===Physical Examination===
===Laboratory Findings===
===Electrocardiogram===
===X-ray===
===Echocardiography and Ultrasound===
===CT scan===
===MRI===
===MRI===
In the case of cervical spinal stenosis, the best diagnostic and investigative tool is [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI), while computed tomography (CT) is somewhat useful if MRI is unavailable. However, spinal stenosis can be found in asymptomatic patients.<ref name="pmid3588931">{{cite journal |author=Teresi LM, Lufkin RB, Reicher MA, ''et al'' |title=Asymptomatic degenerative disk disease and spondylosis of the cervical spine: MR imaging |journal=Radiology |volume=164 |issue=1 |pages=83-8 |year=1987 |pmid=3588931 |doi=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2398088">{{cite journal |author=Boden SD, McCowin PR, Davis DO, Dina TS, Mark AS, Wiesel S |title=Abnormal magnetic-resonance scans of the cervical spine in asymptomatic subjects. A prospective investigation |journal=The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume |volume=72|issue=8 |pages=1178-84 |year=1990 |pmid=2398088 |doi=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16129249">{{cite journal |author=Ernst CW, Stadnik TW, Peeters E, Breucq C, Osteaux MJ |title=Prevalence of annular tears and disc herniations on MR images of the cervical spine in symptom free volunteers |journal=European journal of radiology |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=409-14|year=2005 |pmid=16129249|doi=10.1016/j.ejrad.2004.11.003}}</ref> As with cervical spinal stenosis, MRI is the best imaging procedure for diagnosing lumbar spinal stenosis, though [[CT]] may also be somewhat useful and can be used if [[MRI]] is unavailable.
 
===Other Imaging Findings===
 
===Other Diagnostic Studies===
 
==Treatment==
===Medical Therapy===
 
=== Interventions ===
 
===Surgery===
 
===Primary Prevention===
 
===Secondary Prevention===


==References==
==References==
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{{reflist|2}}
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Revision as of 13:59, 27 July 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Xyz from Other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Interventions

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

References


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