Smallpox cost-effectiveness of therapy: Difference between revisions

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Smallpox has been successfully eradicated since the 1970s , but there was a great deal of money spent in the eradication process. Through donor governments, as well as other sources, it has been estimated that there was $300 million spent on eliminating smallpox<ref name="urlwww.who.int">{{cite web |url=http://www.who.int/immunization/sage/9._Comparing_Measles_with_Previous_Eradication_Programs_Enabling_and_Constraining_Factors.pdf |title=www.who.int |format= |work= |accessdate=2012-03-09}}</ref>.
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{{Smallpox}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{JS}}


==Vaccine==
==Overview==
At this point in time, the biggest form of cost comes in the form of the vaccine. Originally, the overall cost needed to be brought down and of the biggest breakthroughs for the smallpox vaccine was the bifurcated needle. The bifurcated needle greatly reduced costs and improved the ease of vaccination. About 1,000 needles cost only $5<ref name="urlwww.cgdev.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.cgdev.org/doc/millions/MS_case_1.pdf |title=www.cgdev.org |format= |work= |accessdate=2012-03-09}}</ref>. The needles could actually be boiled and reused hundreds of times. Also, since these needles required a smaller amount of vaccine, the vials of vaccine could now vaccinate 4 times as many people<ref name="urlwww.cgdev.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.cgdev.org/doc/millions/MS_case_1.pdf |title=www.cgdev.org |format= |work= |accessdate=2012-03-09}}</ref>. This was very important because there were certain countries that could not afford any sort of vaccination above a very minimal cost. Around the same time period, there was a measles vaccine that cost approximately $1/vaccine. This was a price that was far too high.
The efforts made to eradicate [[smallpox]] were cost-effective given the high morbidity and mortality associated with smallpox.


The actual cost of vaccination depended upon the country. For more of the developed countries, it has been estimated that it cost $50 million/year while the eradication process was occurring<ref name="urlwww.cgdev.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.cgdev.org/doc/millions/MS_case_1.pdf |title=www.cgdev.org |format= |work= |accessdate=2012-03-09}}</ref>. In some of the endemic countries, it cost approximately $10 million/year. It has been estimated that the total global cost was in excess of $1.35 billion in the late 1960s<ref name="urlwww.cgdev.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.cgdev.org/doc/millions/MS_case_1.pdf |title=www.cgdev.org |format= |work= |accessdate=2012-03-09}}</ref>.
==Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy==
Since there is no available [[antiviral]] treatment for [[smallpox]], the [[vaccine]] is the only potential cost.<ref name="MooreSeward2006">{{cite journal|last1=Moore|first1=Zack S|last2=Seward|first2=Jane F|last3=Lane|first3=J Michael|title=Smallpox|journal=The Lancet|volume=367|issue=9508|year=2006|pages=425–435|issn=01406736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68143-9}}</ref>
 
In the past, the development and distribution of the bifurcated [[needle]] represented one of the costs. This [[needle]] improved the ease and diminished the cost of [[vaccination]]. About 1,000 [[needle]]s cost about $5. The [[needle]] could be boiled and reused multiple times. Also, since these [[needle]]s required a smaller amount of [[vaccine]], each vial with the [[vaccine]] could now vaccinate 4 times as many people. This was an important achievement since there were certain countries that could not afford any sort of [[vaccination]] above a very minimal cost.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Smallpox]]
[[Category:Viral diseases]]
[[Category:Poxviruses]]
{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 19:04, 18 September 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]

Overview

The efforts made to eradicate smallpox were cost-effective given the high morbidity and mortality associated with smallpox.

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Since there is no available antiviral treatment for smallpox, the vaccine is the only potential cost.[1]

In the past, the development and distribution of the bifurcated needle represented one of the costs. This needle improved the ease and diminished the cost of vaccination. About 1,000 needles cost about $5. The needle could be boiled and reused multiple times. Also, since these needles required a smaller amount of vaccine, each vial with the vaccine could now vaccinate 4 times as many people. This was an important achievement since there were certain countries that could not afford any sort of vaccination above a very minimal cost.

References

  1. Moore, Zack S; Seward, Jane F; Lane, J Michael (2006). "Smallpox". The Lancet. 367 (9508): 425–435. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68143-9. ISSN 0140-6736.

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