Sleep apnea causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ayokunle Olubaniyi M.B,B.S [2]

Overview

Sleep apnea may present as a result of conditions which cause narrowing or complete closure of the respiratory airways (e.g. enlarged adenoids, enlarged tonsils) or conditions which affect the central nervous system thus preventing the brain from sending the right signal to the muscles that control respiration (e.g. cerebrovascular accident, spinal cord injury).

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

"Those conditions that can cause death and/or permanent disability within the next 24 hours."

Common Causes

Causes by Organ Systems

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	Enlarged adenoids, Enlarged tonsils, malformations of the nose, malformations of the throat
Endocrine	Diabetic neuropathy, hypothyroidism
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Gastroesophageal reflux
Genetic	Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Hallermann-Streiff syndrome, Joubert syndrome, Marfan syndrome, muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, Potocki-Lupski syndrome, WAGR syndrome
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	Postoperative complication
Infectious Disease	Common cold, meningoencephalitis, post-polio syndrome, sinusitis, tonsilitis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	Muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy
Neurologic	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Arnold-Chiari malformation, cerebrovascular accident, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, diabetic neuropathy, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, Joubert syndrome, multiple system atrophy, post-polio syndrome, spinal cord injury
Nutritional/Metabolic	Hurler syndrome, metabolic syndrome, obesity, Pompe disease
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	Glaucoma-sleep apnea syndrome
Overdose/Toxicity	Alcohol intoxication, Opioid overdose
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Glaucoma-sleep apnea syndrome, obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Renal/Electrolyte	End-stage renal disease
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Spinal cord injury
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes