Sepsis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The immunological response that causes sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response causing widespread activation of [[inflammation]] and [[coagulation]] pathways. This may progress to dysfunction of the [[septic shock|circulatory system]] and, even under optimal treatment, may result in the [[multiple organ dysfunction syndrome]] and eventually [[death]]. A subclass of [[distributive shock]], with shock referring specifically to decreased tissue [[perfusion]] resulting in end-organ dysfunction. [[Cytokines]] [[TNFα]], [[interleukin|IL]]-1β, [[interferon]] γ, [[interleukin|IL]]-6 released in a large scale inflammatory response results in massive [[vasodilation]], increased [[capillary]] permeability, decreased systemic vascular resistance, and [[hypotension]]. Hypotension reduces tissue perfusion pressure and thus tissue [[Hypoxia (medical)|hypoxia]] ensues. Finally, in an attempt to offset decreased [[blood pressure]], [[ventricular]] dilatation and [[myocardium|myocardial]] dysfunction will occur. | The immunological response that causes sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response causing widespread activation of [[inflammation]] and [[coagulation]] pathways. This may progress to dysfunction of the [[septic shock|circulatory system]] and, even under optimal treatment, may result in the [[multiple organ dysfunction syndrome]] and eventually [[death]]. A subclass of [[distributive shock]], with shock referring specifically to decreased tissue [[perfusion]] resulting in end-organ dysfunction. [[Cytokines]] [[TNFα]], [[interleukin|IL]]-1β, [[interferon]] γ, [[interleukin|IL]]-6 released in a large scale inflammatory response results in massive [[vasodilation]], increased [[capillary]] permeability, decreased systemic vascular resistance, and [[hypotension]]. Hypotension reduces tissue perfusion pressure and thus tissue [[Hypoxia (medical)|hypoxia]] ensues. Finally, in an attempt to offset decreased [[blood pressure]], [[ventricular]] dilatation and [[myocardium|myocardial]] dysfunction will occur. <ref name="pmid28448952">{{cite journal |vauthors=Minasyan H |title=Sepsis and septic shock: Pathogenesis and treatment perspectives |journal=J Crit Care |volume=40 |issue= |pages=229–242 |year=2017 |pmid=28448952 |doi=10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.04.015 |url=}}</ref> | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
*Sepsis results when an infectious insult triggers a localized inflammatory reaction that then spills over to cause systemic symptoms of fever or hypothermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, and either leukocytosis or leukopenia. | *Sepsis results when an infectious insult triggers a localized inflammatory reaction that then spills over to cause systemic symptoms of fever or hypothermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, and either leukocytosis or leukopenia. |
Revision as of 15:29, 22 May 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]
Synonyms and keywords: sepsis syndrome; septic shock; septicemia
Overview
The immunological response that causes sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response causing widespread activation of inflammation and coagulation pathways. This may progress to dysfunction of the circulatory system and, even under optimal treatment, may result in the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and eventually death. A subclass of distributive shock, with shock referring specifically to decreased tissue perfusion resulting in end-organ dysfunction. Cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, interferon γ, IL-6 released in a large scale inflammatory response results in massive vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, decreased systemic vascular resistance, and hypotension. Hypotension reduces tissue perfusion pressure and thus tissue hypoxia ensues. Finally, in an attempt to offset decreased blood pressure, ventricular dilatation and myocardial dysfunction will occur. [1]
Pathophysiology
- Sepsis results when an infectious insult triggers a localized inflammatory reaction that then spills over to cause systemic symptoms of fever or hypothermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, and either leukocytosis or leukopenia.
Pathogenesis
Cellular Changes
Genetics
Gross Pathology
Microscopic Pathology
References
- ↑ Minasyan H (2017). "Sepsis and septic shock: Pathogenesis and treatment perspectives". J Crit Care. 40: 229–242. doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.04.015. PMID 28448952.