Sepsis history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

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| style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" align=center | [[File:Siren.gif|30px|link=Sepsis resident survival guide]]
| style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" align=center | [[Sepsis resident survival guide|'''Resident'''<br>'''Survival'''<br>'''Guide''']]
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{{Sepsis}}
{{Sepsis}}
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.D.]] [mailto:psingh@perfuse.org]
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto:psingh@perfuse.org]


 
{{SK}} sepsis syndrome; septic shock; septicemia
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==Overview==
==Overview==
Symptoms of sepsis are often related to the underlying infectious process. When the infection crosses into the bloodstream the resulting symptoms of sepsis occur fever, chills, and rigors, confusion, anxiety, difficulty breathing, fatigue and malaise, nausea and vomiting.<ref name="pmid17962288">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lever A, Mackenzie I |title=Sepsis: definition, epidemiology, and diagnosis |journal=BMJ |volume=335 |issue=7625 |pages=879–83 |year=2007 |pmid=17962288 |pmc=2043413 |doi=10.1136/bmj.39346.495880.AE |url=}}</ref><ref name="Juneja2012">{{cite journal|last1=Juneja|first1=Deven|title=Severe sepsis and septic shock in the elderly: An overview|journal=World Journal of Critical Care Medicine|volume=1|issue=1|year=2012|pages=23|issn=2220-3141|doi=10.5492/wjccm.v1.i1.23}}</ref><ref name="pmid23983879">{{cite journal |vauthors=Karnatovskaia LV, Festic E |title=Sepsis: a review for the neurohospitalist |journal=Neurohospitalist |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=144–53 |year=2012 |pmid=23983879 |pmc=3726110 |doi=10.1177/1941874412453338 |url=}}</ref>


==History and Symptoms==
==History and Symptoms==
===History===
[[Symptoms]] of sepsis are often related to the underlying [[infectious]] process. When the [[infection]] crosses into the [[bloodstream]] the resulting symptoms of sepsis occur:<ref name="pmid17962288">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lever A, Mackenzie I |title=Sepsis: definition, epidemiology, and diagnosis |journal=BMJ |volume=335 |issue=7625 |pages=879–83 |year=2007 |pmid=17962288 |pmc=2043413 |doi=10.1136/bmj.39346.495880.AE |url=}}</ref><ref name="Juneja2012">{{cite journal|last1=Juneja|first1=Deven|title=Severe sepsis and septic shock in the elderly: An overview|journal=World Journal of Critical Care Medicine|volume=1|issue=1|year=2012|pages=23|issn=2220-3141|doi=10.5492/wjccm.v1.i1.23}}</ref><ref name="pmid23983879">{{cite journal |vauthors=Karnatovskaia LV, Festic E |title=Sepsis: a review for the neurohospitalist |journal=Neurohospitalist |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=144–53 |year=2012 |pmid=23983879 |pmc=3726110 |doi=10.1177/1941874412453338 |url=}}</ref>
The patient’s history is important in determining the likely site and cause of the septic process. This, in turn, helps in deciding the appropriate antimicrobial therapy and treatment approach.
===Symptoms===
Symptoms of sepsis are often related to the underlying infectious process. When the infection crosses into the bloodstream the resulting symptoms of sepsis occurs:
**[[Fever]]
A capillary leak syndrome can develop with severe swelling, [[edema]], and third spacing of fluids. General symptoms can include flu like symptoms as well as shaking chills or [[rigors]].


The immunological response that causes sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response causing widespread activation of [[inflammation]] and [[coagulation]] pathways. This may progress to dysfunction of the [[septic shock|circulatory system]] and, even under optimal treatment, may result in the [[multiple organ dysfunction syndrome]] and eventually [[death]].
*[[Fever]]
*A [[capillary leak syndrome]] can develop with severe [[swelling]], [[edema]], and third spacing of fluids.
*General [[symptoms]] can include flu like symptoms as well as shaking chills or [[rigors]].
*If the [[respiratory system]] is the primary source for sepsis then [[sore throat]], productive [[cough]], and [[pleuritic chest pain]] may be present.
Symptoms due to the focal involvement of organs by the bacteria can give clues to the etiology of sepsis. Such symptoms include the following:
{| class="wikitable"
!Organ system
!Symptoms
|-
|Head and Neck
|
* [[Headache]]
* [[Neck stiffness]]
* [[Altered mental status]]
* [[Otalgia|Earache]]
* [[Sore throat]]
* Sinus pain or tenderness
* Cervical or submandibular lymphadenopathy
|-
|Pulmonary
|
* Productive [[cough]]
* [[Pleuritic chest pain]]
* [[Dyspnea]]
* Dullness on percussion
* Bronchial breath sounds with localized rales or any evidence of consolidation
|-
|Cardiac
|
* Onset of new murmur
* H/O of IV drug use
|-
|Abdominal and gastrointestinal
|
* [[Diarrhea]]
* Abdominal pain and distention
* Guarding or rebound tenderness
* Rectal tenderness or swelling
|-
|Pelvic and genitourinary
|
* [[Flank pain]]
* Adnexal tenderness or masses
* [[Vaginal discharge|Vaginal]] or [[urethral discharge]]
* [[Dysuria]], frequency, and [[Urinary urgency|urgency]]
|-
|Musculoskeletal
|
* Localized limb pain or tenderness
* Focal [[erythema]], edema
* Swollen joint crepitus in necrotizing infections
* Joint effusions
|-
|Skin
|
* [[Petechiae]]
* [[Purpura]]
* [[Erythema]], [[ulceration]], bullous formation, and fluctuance
|}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
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Latest revision as of 00:08, 30 July 2020

Resident
Survival
Guide

Sepsis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information (Adult)

Patient Information (Neonatal)

Overview

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Sepsis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: sepsis syndrome; septic shock; septicemia

Overview

Symptoms of sepsis are often related to the underlying infectious process. When the infection crosses into the bloodstream the resulting symptoms of sepsis occur fever, chills, and rigors, confusion, anxiety, difficulty breathing, fatigue and malaise, nausea and vomiting.[1][2][3]

History and Symptoms

Symptoms of sepsis are often related to the underlying infectious process. When the infection crosses into the bloodstream the resulting symptoms of sepsis occur:[1][2][3]

Symptoms due to the focal involvement of organs by the bacteria can give clues to the etiology of sepsis. Such symptoms include the following:

Organ system Symptoms
Head and Neck
Pulmonary
Cardiac
  • Onset of new murmur
  • H/O of IV drug use
Abdominal and gastrointestinal
  • Diarrhea
  • Abdominal pain and distention
  • Guarding or rebound tenderness
  • Rectal tenderness or swelling
Pelvic and genitourinary
Musculoskeletal
  • Localized limb pain or tenderness
  • Focal erythema, edema
  • Swollen joint crepitus in necrotizing infections
  • Joint effusions
Skin

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Lever A, Mackenzie I (2007). "Sepsis: definition, epidemiology, and diagnosis". BMJ. 335 (7625): 879–83. doi:10.1136/bmj.39346.495880.AE. PMC 2043413. PMID 17962288.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Juneja, Deven (2012). "Severe sepsis and septic shock in the elderly: An overview". World Journal of Critical Care Medicine. 1 (1): 23. doi:10.5492/wjccm.v1.i1.23. ISSN 2220-3141.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Karnatovskaia LV, Festic E (2012). "Sepsis: a review for the neurohospitalist". Neurohospitalist. 2 (4): 144–53. doi:10.1177/1941874412453338. PMC 3726110. PMID 23983879.

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