Sensorineural hearing loss: Difference between revisions

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   MeshID        = D006319 |
   MeshID        = D006319 |
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==Overview==
==Overview==
'''Sensorineural hearing loss''' is a type of [[hearing loss]] in which the root cause lies in the [[vestibulocochlear nerve]] ([[Cranial nerve]] VIII), the inner [[ear]], or central processing centers of the [[brain]]. <br />
'''Sensorineural hearing loss''' is a type of [[hearing loss]] in which the root cause lies in the [[vestibulocochlear nerve]] ([[Cranial nerve]] VIII), the inner [[ear]], or central processing centers of the [[brain]]. <br />
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===Acquired===
===Acquired===
* [[inflammation|Inflammatory]]
* [[inflammation|Inflammatory]]
** [[Suppurative labyrinthitis]]
** Suppurative labyrinthitis
** [[Meningitis]]
** [[Meningitis]]
** [[Mumps]]
** [[Mumps]]
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** [[Salicylate]]s (''e.g.'', [[Aspirin]])
** [[Salicylate]]s (''e.g.'', [[Aspirin]])


* [[Physical trauma]] - either due to a [[fracture]] of the [[temporal bone]] affecting the [[cochlea]] and [[middle ear]], or a [[shearing]] injury affecting [[cranial nerve]] VIII.
* [[Physical trauma]] - either due to a [[fracture]] of the [[temporal bone]] affecting the [[cochlea]] and [[middle ear]], or a shearing injury affecting [[cranial nerve]] VIII.


* Noise-induced - prolonged exposure to loud noises (>90 [[Decibel|dB]]) causes hearing loss which begins at 4000Hz (high frequency). The normal hearing range is from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.
* Noise-induced - prolonged exposure to loud noises (>90 [[Decibel|dB]]) causes hearing loss which begins at 4000Hz (high frequency). The normal hearing range is from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.
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==Treatment==
==Treatment==
At present, sensorineural hearing loss is treated with [[hearing aid]]s, which amplify sounds at pre-set frequencies to overcome a sensorineural hearing loss in that range; or [[cochlear implant]]s, which stimulate the [[cochlear nerve]] directly.
At present, sensorineural hearing loss is treated with [[hearing aid]]s, which amplify sounds at pre-set frequencies to overcome a sensorineural hearing loss in that range; or [[cochlear implant]]s, which stimulate the [[cochlear nerve]] directly.
==Resources==
* [http://www.medicineau.net.au/clinical/ent/SNHL.html Sensorineural Hearing Loss], Dr Peter Grant




{{Diseases of the ear and mastoid process}}


==External References==
* [http://www.medicineau.net.au/clinical/ent/SNHL.html Sensorineural Hearing Loss], Dr Peter Grant


{{Diseases of the ear and mastoid process}}
[[de:Hörsturz]]
[[ja:突発性難聴]]
[[ja:突発性難聴]]
[[zh:感觉神经性耳聋]]
[[zh:感觉神经性耳聋]]
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[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
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Latest revision as of 14:24, 15 June 2015

Sensorineural hearing loss
Cross section of the cochlea.
ICD-10 H90.3-H90.5
ICD-9 389.1
DiseasesDB 2874
MeSH D006319

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Sensorineural hearing loss is a type of hearing loss in which the root cause lies in the vestibulocochlear nerve (Cranial nerve VIII), the inner ear, or central processing centers of the brain.
The Weber test, in which a tuning fork is touched to the head, localizes to the normal ear in people with this condition. The Rinne test, which tests air conduction vs. bone conduction is positive (normal), though both bone and air conduction are reduced equally.

Differential diagnosis

Sensorineural hearing loss may be congenital or acquired.

Congenital

Acquired

  • Noise-induced - prolonged exposure to loud noises (>90 dB) causes hearing loss which begins at 4000Hz (high frequency). The normal hearing range is from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.
  • Presbyacusis - age-related hearing loss that occurs in the high frequency range (4000Hz to 8000Hz).
  • Meniere's disease - causes sensorineural hearing loss in the low frequency range (125 Hz to 1000 Hz). Meniere's disesase is characterized by sudden attacks of vertigo lasting minutes to hours preceded by tinnitus, aural fullness, and fluctuating hearing loss.



Table 1. A table comparing sensorineural to conductive hearing loss

Criteria Sensorineural hearing loss Conductive hearing loss
Anatomical Site Inner ear, cranial nerve VIII, or central processing centers Middle ear (ossicular chain), tympanic membrane, or external ear
Weber Test Sound localizes to normal ear Sound localizes to affected ear (ear with conductive loss)
Rinne Test Positive Rinne; Air conduction > Bone conduction (both air and bone conduction are decreased equally, but the difference between them is unchanged). Negative Rinne; Bone Conduction > Air Conduction (Bone/Air Gap)

Treatment

At present, sensorineural hearing loss is treated with hearing aids, which amplify sounds at pre-set frequencies to overcome a sensorineural hearing loss in that range; or cochlear implants, which stimulate the cochlear nerve directly.

Resources


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