Scoliosis pathophysiology

Scoliosis Microchapters
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Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Scoliosis from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
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Diagnostic Study of Choice
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.

OR

It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].

OR

[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.

OR

Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.

OR

[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].

OR

The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].

OR

The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Pathophysiology

Genetics

In the case of the most common form of scoliosis, Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis, there is a clear Mendelian inheritance but with incomplete penetrance.

In April 2007, researchers at Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children identified the first gene associated with idiopathic scoliosis, CHD7. The medical breakthrough was the result of a 10-year study and is outlined in the May 2007 issue of the American Journal of Human Genetics.

Associated conditions

Scoliosis is sometimes associated with other conditions such as

• Cerebral palsy
• Spinal muscular atrophy
• Familial dysautonomia
• CHARGE syndrome
• Friedreich's ataxia
• Spina bifida
• Marfan's syndrome
• Neurofibromatosis
• Connective tissue disorder
• Craniospinal axis disorders (e.g., syringomyelia, Arnold-Chiari malformation).

However, the majority of people with adolescent scoliosis have no pain or other abnormalities.

Pathophysiology

Pathogenesis

• The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.

OR

• It is understood that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].
• [Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.
• Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.
• [Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].
• The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].
• The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Genetics

• [Disease name] is transmitted in [mode of genetic transmission] pattern.
• Genes involved in the pathogenesis of [disease name] include [gene1], [gene2], and [gene3].
• The development of [disease name] is the result of multiple genetic mutations.

Gross Pathology

• On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

Microscopic Pathology

• On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].