Schistosomiasis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

	Schistosomiasis Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Schistosomiasis from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X-ray
Echocardiography and Ultrasound
CT scan
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Schistosomiasis epidemiology and demographics On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Schistosomiasis epidemiology and demographics All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Schistosomiasis epidemiology and demographics
CDC on Schistosomiasis epidemiology and demographics
Schistosomiasis epidemiology and demographics in the news
Blogs on Schistosomiasis epidemiology and demographics
Directions to Hospitals Treating Schistosomiasis
Risk calculators and risk factors for Schistosomiasis epidemiology and demographics

VisualWikitext

Latest revision as of 18:43, 18 September 2017

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

The prevalence of schistosomiasis is approximately 268 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. More than 600 million persons are exposed to Schistosoma parasites, 200 million persons are infected, and 20 million symptomatic cases of schistosomiasis are reported worldwide. All age groups are vulnerable to Schistosoma infection, but school-aged children and adolescents living in endemic areas tend to have the highest intensity of disease. There is no racial predilection to schistosomiasis. Schistosomiasis affects men and women equally.

Epidemiology

Incidence and prevalence

The prevalence of schistosomiasis is approximately 268 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.

Demographics

Age

Patients of all age groups may develop schistosomiasis, but school-aged children and adolescents living in endemic areas tend to have the highest intensity of disease.^[1]

Race

There is no racial predilection to schistosomiasis.

Gender

Schistosomiasis affects men and women equally.

Geographic Disrtubution

The disease is found in tropical countries in Africa, Caribbean, Eastern South America, Southeast Asia and in Middle East.
Schistosoma mansoni is found in parts of South America and Caribbean, Africa, and Middle East.
S. haematobium is found in Africa and Middle East; and S. japonicum in Far East.
S. mekongi and S. intercalatum are found locally in Southeast Asia and Central West Africa, respectively.
Schistosomiasis is endemic in 74-76 developing countries,^{[verification needed]} infecting more than 207 million people, 85% of whom live in Africa.^[2]

Organ involved	Species	Geographical distribution
Intestinal schistosomiasis	Schistosoma mansoni	Africa, Middle East, Caribbean, Brazil, Venezuela and Suriname
	Schistosoma japonicum	China, Indonesia, Philippines
	Schistosoma mekongi	Several districts of Cambodia and the Lao People’s Democratic Republic
	Schistosoma guineensis Schistosoma intercalatum	Rain forest areas of Central Africa
Urogenital schistosomiasis	Schistosoma haematobium	Africa, Middle East, Corsica (France)

References

↑ Weerakoon KG, Gobert GN, Cai P, McManus DP (2015). "Advances in the Diagnosis of Human Schistosomiasis". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 28 (4): 939–67. doi:10.1128/CMR.00137-14. PMC 4548261. PMID 26224883.
↑ Oliveira, Guilherme; Rodrigues, Nilton B; Romanha, Alvaro J; Bahia, Diana (2004). "Genome and genomics of schistosomes". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 82 (2): 375–390. doi:10.1139/z03-220. ISSN 0008-4301.

[pmid26224883-1] Weerakoon KG, Gobert GN, Cai P, McManus DP (2015). "Advances in the Diagnosis of Human Schistosomiasis". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 28 (4): 939–67. doi:10.1128/CMR.00137-14. PMC 4548261. PMID 26224883.

[OliveiraRodrigues2004-2] Oliveira, Guilherme; Rodrigues, Nilton B; Romanha, Alvaro J; Bahia, Diana (2004). "Genome and genomics of schistosomes". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 82 (2): 375–390. doi:10.1139/z03-220. ISSN 0008-4301.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
 {{Schistosomiasis}}
-{{CMG}}
+{{CMG}} ; {{AE}} {{ADG}}
 ==Overview==
-==Epidemiology and Demographics==
+The prevalence of schistosomiasis is approximately 268 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. More than 600 million persons are exposed to Schistosoma parasites, 200 million persons are infected, and 20 million symptomatic cases of schistosomiasis are reported worldwide. All age groups are vulnerable to Schistosoma infection, but school-aged children and adolescents living in endemic areas tend to have the highest intensity of disease. There is no racial predilection to schistosomiasis. Schistosomiasis affects men and women equally.
-The disease is found in tropical countries in Africa, Caribbean, eastern South America, east Asia and in the Middle East. ''[[Schistosoma mansoni]]'' is found in parts of South America and the Caribbean, Africa, and the Middle East; ''S. haematobium'' in Africa and the Middle East; and ''S. japonicum'' in the Far East.  ''S. mekongi'' and ''S. intercalatum'' are found focally in Southeast Asia and central West Africa, respectively.
-An estimated 207 million people have the disease, 120 million symptomatic.  A few countries have eradicated the disease, and many more are working towards it. The [[World Health Organization]] is promoting efforts working towards this goal. In some cases, urbanization, pollution, and/or consequent destruction of snail habitat has reduced exposure, with a subsequent decrease in new infections. The most common way of getting schistosomiasis in developing countries is by wading or swimming in lakes, ponds and other bodies of water which are infested with the snails (usually of the ''[[Biomphalaria]]'', ''[[Bulinus]]'', or ''Oncomelania'' genus) that are the [[natural reservoir]]s of the ''Schistosoma'' pathogen.
+==Epidemiology==
+===Incidence and prevalence===
+*The prevalence of schistosomiasis is approximately 268 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
+==Demographics==
+===Age===
+*Patients of all age groups may develop schistosomiasis, but school-aged children and [[Adolescent|adolescents]] living in [[endemic]] areas tend to have the highest [[intensity]] of [[disease]].<ref name="pmid26224883">{{cite journal |vauthors=Weerakoon KG, Gobert GN, Cai P, McManus DP |title=Advances in the Diagnosis of Human Schistosomiasis |journal=Clin. Microbiol. Rev. |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=939–67 |year=2015 |pmid=26224883 |pmc=4548261 |doi=10.1128/CMR.00137-14 |url=}}</ref>
+===Race===
+*There is no [[racial]] predilection to schistosomiasis.
+===Gender===
+*Schistosomiasis affects men and women equally.
+===Geographic Disrtubution===
+*The [[disease]] is found in [[Tropics|tropical]] countries in [[Africa]], [[Caribbean]], Eastern [[South America]], [[Southeast Asia]] and in [[Middle East]].
+* ''[[Schistosoma mansoni]]'' is found in parts of South America and Caribbean, Africa, and Middle East.
+* ''[[Schistosoma haematobium|S. haematobium]]'' is found in Africa and Middle East; and ''[[Schistosoma japonicum|S. japonicum]]'' in [[Far East]].
+*''[[Schistosoma mekongi|S. mekongi]]'' and ''[[Schistosoma intercalatum|S. intercalatum]]'' are found locally in [[Southeast Asia]] and Central [[West Africa]], respectively.
+*Schistosomiasis is [[endemic]] in 74-76 developing countries,{{Verify source|November 2009|date=November 2009}} infecting more than 207&nbsp;million people, 85% of whom live in Africa.<ref name="OliveiraRodrigues2004">{{cite journal|last1=Oliveira|first1=Guilherme|last2=Rodrigues|first2=Nilton B|last3=Romanha|first3=Alvaro J|last4=Bahia|first4=Diana|title=Genome and genomics of schistosomes|journal=Canadian Journal of Zoology|volume=82|issue=2|year=2004|pages=375–390|issn=0008-4301|doi=10.1139/z03-220}}</ref>
+{| class="wikitable"
+!Organ involved
+!Species
+!Geographical distribution
+|-
+| rowspan="4" |[[Intestinal]] [[schistosomiasis]]
+|''[[Schistosoma mansoni]]''
+|Africa, Middle East, Caribbean, Brazil, Venezuela and Suriname
+|-
+|''[[Schistosoma japonicum]]''
+|China, Indonesia, Philippines
+|-
+|''[[Schistosoma mekongi]]''
+|Several districts of Cambodia and the Lao People’s Democratic Republic
+|-
+|''Schistosoma guineensis''
+''[[Schistosoma intercalatum]]''
+|Rain forest areas of Central Africa
+|-
+|[[Urogenital]] [[schistosomiasis]]
+|''[[Schistosoma haematobium]]''
+|Africa, Middle East, Corsica (France)
+|}
 ==References==
@@ Line 13: / Line 55: @@
 {{Reflist|2}}
+[[Category:Disease]]
 [[Category:Water-borne diseases]]
 [[Category:Parasitic diseases]]
@@ Line 19: / Line 62: @@
 [[Category:Hepatology]]
 [[Category:Neglected diseases]]
-[[Category:Infectious disease]]