Sarcoidosis causes
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Causes
Sarcoidosis involves a dysregulated immune response to environmental agents in a genetically susceptible host.
Immunological factors- The sarcoid granulomas indicate cell mediated immune response. Anergy to common skin test antigens like Candida and Tuberculosis purified protein derivative (PPD) is seen in sarcoidosis patient.It was demonstrated that the mycobacterial virulence factors, ESAT-6 and katG, when presented by DRB1*1101 are recognized by sarcoidosis CD4+ T cells.[1]
Environmental factors - Several environmental exposures are believed to be associated with the risk for sarcoidosis:mold or mildew, musty odors at work, agricultural employment, and pesticide-using industries.
Genetic factors - Recent pangenomic studies highlight some regions of the genome such as 6p21 where are located important immune genes: MHC, BTNL2 and TNF-α . Sarcoidosis is more common and severe in blacks than whites.[2]It was recently found that non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs1049550, within the annexin A11 (ANXA11) gene was associated with susceptibility to sarcoidosis[3].Sarcoidosis likely results from an interplay of environmental and genetic factors.
References
- ↑ Oswald-Richter K, Sato H, Hajizadeh R, Shepherd BE, Sidney J, Sette A; et al. (2010). "Mycobacterial ESAT-6 and katG are recognized by sarcoidosis CD4+ T cells when presented by the American sarcoidosis susceptibility allele, DRB1*1101". J Clin Immunol. 30 (1): 157–66. doi:10.1007/s10875-009-9311-y. PMC 2821522. PMID 19536643.
- ↑ Judson MA, Boan AD, Lackland DT (2012). "The clinical course of sarcoidosis: presentation, diagnosis, and treatment in a large white and black cohort in the United States". Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 29 (2): 119–27. PMID 23461074.
- ↑ Levin AM, Iannuzzi MC, Montgomery CG, Trudeau S, Datta I, McKeigue P; et al. (2013). "Association of ANXA11 genetic variation with sarcoidosis in African Americans and European Americans". Genes Immun. 14 (1): 13–8. doi:10.1038/gene.2012.48. PMC 3595044. PMID 23151485.