Sandbox:Sahar: Difference between revisions

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<references />
{| border="3"
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! style="background: #4479BA; width: 150px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF| Disease Name}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 150px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF| Age of Onset}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 150px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF| Gender Preponderance}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 150px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF| Signs/Symptoms}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 150px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF| Imaging Feature(s)}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 150px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF| Macroscopic Feature(s)}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 150px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF| Microscopic Feature(s)}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 150px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF| Laboratory Findings(s)}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 150px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF| Other Feature(s)}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 150px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF| ECG view}}
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* Peak [[incidence]] at 40 - 60 years of age
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* More commonly affects women
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*[[Asymptomatic]] [[thyroid]] [[mass]] or [[nodule]]
*Compressive [[symptoms]], such as:
*[[Difficulty swallowing]]/[[Dyspnea|breathing]]
*Persistent [[cough]]
*[[Stridor]]
*[[Vocal cord|Vocal chord]] [[paralysis]]
*Rapid enlarging [[mass]]
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* On [[ultrasound]]:
**Solid hypoechoic [[nodule]] with a peripheral halo indicating [[fibrous capsule]]
**Irregular margin
*[[Imaging]] features are not characteristic of this [[cancer]]
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* Single encapsulated [[nodule]]
* Thick and irregular [[capsule]]
* Can be [[cystic]] or [[hemorrhage|hemorrhagic]] in appearance
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*
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*
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*[[Incidence]] increases with age
* More common in the 3rd to 4th decades of life
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* Both genders are affected equally
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*[[Solitary]] [[thyroid nodule]]
* Mostly affects upper [[Lobe (anatomy)|lobe]] of [[thyroid gland]]
* Possible [[systemic]] [[symptoms]] due to [[Hormone|hormonal]] [[secretion]] by the [[tumor]]
*[[Cervical]] [[lymphadenopathy]]
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*On [[ultrasound]]:
**[[Solitary]] hypoechoic [[nodule]] with or without [[calcification]]
*[[Imaging]] features are not characteristic of this [[cancer]]
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* Single non-encapsulated mass
* Gray-tan color
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* Sheets of [[cells]] in an [[amyloid]] [[stroma]]
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*[[Secretion|Secretes]] [[calcitonin]]
*Normal [[thyroid function test|thyroid function tests]]
*[[Carcinoembryonic antigen]] ([[CEA]]) may be used as a [[tumor marker]]
*Rarely negative for [[calcitonin]]
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* Can be part of [[MEN syndromes|MEN 2A]] and [[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2|2B syndrome]]
* Can be associated with [[RET gene|RET]] [[mutation]]
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! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="left" |Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
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* More common among older individuals
*[[Mean]] age at [[diagnosis]] is 65 years
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* More commonly affects women
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* Rapidly enlarging [[thyroid]] [[mass]]
* May manifest with compressive [[symptoms]]
*Can present with [[signs]]/[[symptoms]] of [[metastasis]]
*Constitutional [[symptoms]] may be present
*Hard [[Nodule (medicine)|nodular]] [[goiter]] without [[tenderness]]
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* On [[ultrasound]]:
** Solid hypoechoic [[nodule]] with a peripheral halo indicating [[fibrous capsule]]
** Irregular margin
*[[Imaging]] features are not characteristic of this [[cancer]]
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* Solid [[tumor]] with areas of [[necrosis]] and [[hemorrhage]]
*[[Infiltration (medical)|Infiltrative]] pattern
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* Undifferentiated, devastatingly aggressive variant of [[Papillary thyroid cancer|papillary]]/[[follicular thyroid cancer]]
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* Normal [[thyroid function test|thyroid function tests]]
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* Poor [[prognosis]]
* May be associated with [[TP53]] [[mutation]]
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! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="left" |Follicular Adenoma
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* More commonly affects individuals older than 50 years of age
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* More commonly affects women
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*[[Asymptomatic]] or [[symptoms]] of [[hyperthyroidism]]
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* Solitary [[nodule]] which may show echogenicity or not
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* Solitary, spherical, and encapsulated [[lesion]]
* Well demarcated from the surrounding [[parenchyma]]
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* Uniform  [[Follicle|follicles]]
* Absence of capsular or [[vascular]] invasion
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* Functional [[adenoma]]:
** Elevated T3, T4
** Decreased TSH
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* May be considered functional or hot
* May be considered non-functional or cold
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! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="left" |Multinodular Goiter
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* Commonly affects individuals older than 60 years of age
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* More commonly affects women
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*[[Thyroid]] enlargement
*[[Signs]]/[[symptoms]] of [[Hypothyroidism|hypo]]/[[hyperthyroidism]]
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* Multiple [[nodules]] with different echogenicity
*[[Calcification]] may be present
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* Multiple [[Thyroid nodule|thyroid nodules]]
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* Variable sized [[Follicle|follicles]]
* Some may show [[papillary]] [[Projection areas|projections]] without [[nuclear]] characteristics of [[papillary thyroid cancer]]
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*[[Classification|Classified]] as toxic and non-toxic
**'''Toxic:''' [[Hyperthyroidism]]
**'''Non-toxic:''' Normal [[thyroid function test|thyroid function tests]]
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*[[Benign]] [[condition]]
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! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="left" |Thyroid Lymphoma
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* Affects [[Adult|adults]] or elderly
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* More common among women
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* Rapidly enlarging mass/[[nodule]] of [[thyroid]]
* Compressive [[symptoms]] may be present
* [[B symptoms|Constitiutional symptoms]] can be present in 10%
*[[Physical examination|P/E]]:Firm, hard [[thyroid]]
* Fixed to the nearby structures
* Immobile even during swallowing
* [[Cervical]] or [[supraclavicular]] [[lymphadenopathy]] may be present
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* On [[ultrasound]]:
**Hypoechogenic appearance
**Difficult to distinguish from [[Chronic (medical)|chronic]] [[thyroiditis]]
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* [[Thyroid nodule]]/mass
*Fixed to adjacent [[tissue]]
*Firm texture
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* It is of [[B cell]] lineage in the majority of cases
* Dffuse, large [[B-cell lymphoma|B-cell lymphomas]] is the most common subtype
* [[Marginal zone lymphoma]] is the second most common type
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* No specific test
* Some [[Patient|patients]] may have [[hypothyroidism]]
*[[Patient|Patients]] can also have [[antibody|antibodies]] against [[thyroid peroxidase]] or [[thyroglobulin]]
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* Preexisting [[Chronic (medical)|chronic]] [[Hashimoto's thyroiditis|autoimmune (Hashimoto's) thyroiditis]] is a known [[risk factor]] for this [[condition]]
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<references />

Revision as of 18:20, 16 January 2020

Disease Name Age of Onset Gender Preponderance Signs/Symptoms Imaging Feature(s) Macroscopic Feature(s) Microscopic Feature(s) Laboratory Findings(s) Other Feature(s) ECG view


Disease Name Age of Onset Gender Preponderance Signs/Symptoms Imaging Feature(s) Macroscopic Feature(s) Microscopic Feature(s) Laboratory Findings(s) Other Feature(s) ECG view
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