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| {{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{RAK}}
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| ==Overview== | | Cardiac surgery<ref name="pmid23447502">{{cite journal| author=Aya HD, Cecconi M, Hamilton M, Rhodes A| title=Goal-directed therapy in cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | journal=Br J Anaesth | year= 2013 | volume= 110 | issue= 4 | pages= 510-7 | pmid=23447502 | doi=10.1093/bja/aet020 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23447502 }} </ref> |
| Protein S deficiency is an autosomal dominant thrombophilia, which leads to an increased risk of thromboembolic events. Protein S is a vitamin K-dependent protein that is responsible for anticoagulation. It works via activating
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| ==Historical Perspective==
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| Protein S was first discovered and purified in Seattle, Washington in 1979, and it was arbitrarily named protein S after the city it was discovered in. The function of this protein was still unknown; however, it was hypothesized that protein S plays a role in activating protein C. Protein S deficiency was first discovered in 1984 when two related individuals with recurrent thromboembolic events and normal coagulation tests were studied. At the time, protein C deficiency was usually associated with recurrent familial thrombosis. These individuals were found to have diminished anticoagulation activity with normal coagulation tests (including a normal protein C level), and when purified human protein S was added to their plasma, effective anticoagulation was restored. (1)
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| ==Classification== | |
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| ==Pathophysiology== | |
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| ==Clinical Features== | |
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| ==Differentiating [disease name] from other Diseases==
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| ==Epidemiology and Demographics==
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| ===Age===
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| ===Gender===
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| ===Race===
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| ==Risk Factors== | |
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| == Natural History, Complications and Prognosis==
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| == Diagnosis ==
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| ===Diagnostic Criteria===
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| === Symptoms ===
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| === Physical Examination ===
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| === Laboratory Findings ===
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| ===Imaging Findings===
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| === Other Diagnostic Studies ===
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| == Treatment ==
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| === Medical Therapy ===
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| === Surgery ===
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| === Prevention ===
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|2}}
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