|
|
| (161 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| == Algorithms ==
| |
| {{familytree/start}}
| |
| {{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 |A01='''Major molecular events in the pathogenesis of HCC'''}}
| |
| {{familytree | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | }}
| |
| {{familytree | | | | B01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | B02 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | B03 |B01='''Genomic alterations'''|B02='''Epigenetic modifications'''|B03='''Growthfactor pathway alterations'''}}
| |
| {{familytree | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.|}}
| |
| {{familytree | | C01 | | C02 | | | | | | | | C03 | | | | | | | | | | | | | C04 | | | | | C05 | | C06 |C01=Gene Mutations|C02=Gene Amplification|C03=DNA methylation micro RNA|C04=Micro RNA|C05=LNC RNA|C06=Major Signaling pathways}}
| |
| {{familytree | | |!| | | |!| | | | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | | |!| | | |!|}}
| |
| {{familytree |boxstyle=text-align: left; | | D01 | | D02 | | | | D03 | | | | | | D04 | | | | | | D05 | | | | D06 | | D07 | | D08 |D01= •[[Rotavirus infection|Rotavirus]]<br>•[[Norovirus infection|Norovirus]]<br>•Enteric [[Adenovirus]]<br>•[[Astroviruses]] |D02= •Kobuviruses <br>•[[Enterovirus]] <br>•[[Orthoreovirus]] <br>•Torovirus <br>•[[Coronavirus]] <br>(including SARS) <br>•[[Parvovirus]] |D03=Gram Positive|D04=Gram Negative|D05=Gram Positive|D06=Gram Negative | D07= •[[Trichinella spiralis]]<br>•[[Whipworm infection|Trichuris trichiura]]<br>•[[Strongyloidiasis|Strongyloides stercoralis]]<br>•[[Taenia solium]]<br>•[[Taenia saginata]] <br>•[[Diphyllobothrium|Diphyllobothrium latum]]<br>•[[Schistosomiasis|Schistosoma mansoni]]|D08= •[[Giardiasis|Giardia lamblia]] <br>•[[Amoebiasis|Entamoeba histolytica]]‡<br>•[[Cryptosporidiosis|Cryptosporidium parvum]] <br>•[[Cyclosporiasis|Cyclospora cayetanensis]] }}
| |
| {{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | |}}
| |
| {{familytree |boxstyle=text-align: left; | | | | | | | | | | | | E01 | | | E02 | | | | E03 | | | E04 | | | | E05 | |E01= •[[Clostridium perfringens]]<br>•[[Clostridium difficile infection|Clostridium difficile]] | E02=Dysenteric diarreha | E03= Watery diarrhea |E04=• [[Bacillus cereus]] <br> •[[Listeriosis|Listeria monocytogenes]] | E05= •[[Bacteroides fragilis]] <br>•[[Aeromonas hydrophila]]}}
| |
| {{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | }}
| |
| {{familytree |boxstyle=text-align: left; | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | F01 | | | | F02 | | F01=•[[Shigellosis|Shigella ''sp.'']], •[[Campylobacter|Campylobacter ''sp.'']]|F02= •[[Escherichia coli enteritis|Escherichia coli]] <br>(ETEC, EPEC, EHEC, EAEC, EIEC)<br>•[[Salmonellosis|Salmonella ''sp.''†]]<br>•[[Yersinia enterocolitica infection|Yersinia enterocolitica]]†<br>•[[Cholera|Vibrio ''sp.'']] }}
| |
| {{familytree/end}}
| |
| [[image:512px-Jaundice08.jpg|thumb|350px|center| Elderly Male with jaundice from pancreatic cancer, By James Heilman, MD (Own work) [CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons <ref name="urlFile:Jaundice08.jpg - Wikimedia Commons">{{cite web |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AJaundice08.jpg |title=File:Jaundice08.jpg - Wikimedia Commons |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>]]
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| __NOTOC__
| |
|
| |
| {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SH}} | | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SH}} |
|
| |
| ==Overview==
| |
| The Spleen is the most common affected organ in the abdomen as a consequence of trauma to the abdomen.The trauma can be due to number of reasons such as road traffic accidents,falls and domestic violence.There are a number of non traumatic reasons of splenic rupture due to an underlying pathology.
| |
|
| |
| ==Classification==
| |
|
| |
| ==Historical Perspective==
| |
|
| |
| ==Pathophysiology==
| |
|
| |
| ==Causes==
| |
| ===Common casuses===
| |
| The most common Cause of the splenic rupture remains blunt trauma to the abdomen.The other common causes of splenic rupture includes.<ref name="pmid19787754">{{cite journal |vauthors=Renzulli P, Hostettler A, Schoepfer AM, Gloor B, Candinas D |title=Systematic review of atraumatic splenic rupture |journal=Br J Surg |volume=96 |issue=10 |pages=1114–21 |year=2009 |pmid=19787754 |doi=10.1002/bjs.6737 |url=}}</ref>
| |
| * Neoplasms
| |
| * Infections
| |
| * Non Infectious
| |
| * Therapy related
| |
| * Mechanical Causes
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| ===Less common causes===
| |
| The less common causes of splenic rupture are difficult to diagnose and can be threatening.
| |
| Some less common causes of splenic rupture are as follows:
| |
| * Autologus stem cell transplantation in AL Amyloidosis patients<ref name="pmid29093392">{{cite journal| author=Sato S, Tamai Y, Okada S, Kannbe E, Takeda K, Tanaka E| title=Atraumatic Splenic Rupture due to Ectopic Extramedullary Hematopoiesis after Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in a Patient with AL Amyloidosis. | journal=Intern Med | year= 2017 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=29093392 | doi=10.2169/internalmedicine.9018-17 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29093392 }} </ref>
| |
| *
| |
| *
| |
| *
| |
|
| |
| ==Differentiating Splenic Rupture from Other Diseases==
| |
|
| |
| ==Epidemiology and Demographics==
| |
|
| |
| ==Risk Factors==
| |
|
| |
| ==Screening==
| |
|
| |
| ==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis==
| |
|
| |
| ==Diagnosis==
| |
|
| |
| ==Diagnostic Study of Choice==
| |
|
| |
| == History and Symptoms==
| |
|
| |
| ==Physical Examination==
| |
|
| |
| == Laboratory Findings==
| |
|
| |
| ==Electrocardiogram==
| |
|
| |
| ==X-Ray==
| |
|
| |
| ==MRI==
| |
|
| |
| ==Other Imaging Findings==
| |
|
| |
| ==Other Diagnostic Studies==
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| ==References==
| |
| {{Reflist|2}}
| |