Respiratory failure classification: Difference between revisions

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VisualWikitext

Latest revision as of 23:57, 29 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: M. Khurram Afzal, MD [2]

Overview

Respiratory failure may be classified into several subtypes as follows; Type I, Type II, Type III, Type IV.

Classification

The classification of respiratory failure is as follows:^[1]

Respiratory Failure

Type I

Type II

Type III

Type IV

Hypoxemic

Hypercapnic

Peri-operative

Shock

Classification based on A-a gradient

Respiratory failure patients may have a normal or increased A-a gradient depending upon the etiology of the respiratory failure. The following table outlines the major characteristics:

Respiratory Failure-decreased SaO2

Normal A-a gradient

Increased A-a gradient

Normal PaCO2

Increased PaCO2

Hypoxemia does not correct with 100% O2

Hypoxemia corrects with 100% O2

Decreased FiO2 or decreased PiO2

Hypoventilation (sedation, COPD, asthma, diaphragmatic paralysis or Neuromuscular disease)

True shunt (Left to right shunts, CHF, pneumonia, atelectasis)

Vascular disease (pulmonary embolism), airway disease (COPD, asthma), alveolar filling (CHF, pneumonia)

References

↑ Hall, Jesse (2015). "CHAPTER 43: The Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis of Acute Respiratory Failure". Principles of critical care. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN 0071738819.

Template:WH Template:WS

[1] Hall, Jesse (2015). "CHAPTER 43: The Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis of Acute Respiratory Failure". Principles of critical care. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN 0071738819.

[1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
-{{CMG}}
 {{Respiratory failure}}
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MKA}}
+==Overview==
+Respiratory failure may be classified into several subtypes as follows; Type I, Type II, Type III, Type IV.
 ==Classification==
-===Type 1===
+The classification of respiratory failure is as follows:<ref>{{cite book | last = Hall | first = Jesse | title = Principles of critical care | chapter = CHAPTER 43: The Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis of Acute Respiratory Failure   | publisher = McGraw-Hill Education | location = New York | year = 2015 | isbn = 0071738819 }}</ref>
-*Type 1 respiratory failure is defined as [[hypoxia]] without [[hypercapnia]], indeed the CO<sub>2</sub> level may be normal or low. It is typically caused by a ventilation/perfusion mismatch; the air flowing in and out of the lungs is not matched with the flow of blood to the lungs. This type is caused by conditions that affect oxygenation such as:
-**Parenchymal disease (v-q mismatch)
+{{Family tree/start}}
+{{Family tree | | | | | | | B01 | | | |B01= Respiratory Failure}}
+{{Family tree | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | }}
+{{Family tree | C01 | | C02 | | C03 | | C04 |C01= Type I| C02= Type II| C03=Type III| C04=Type IV}}
+{{Family tree | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | }}
+{{Family tree | C01 | | C02 | | C03 | | C04 |C01= Hypoxemic| C02= Hypercapnic| C03= Peri-operative| C04=Shock}}
+{{Family tree/end}}
-**Diseases of vasculature and shunts
+=== Classification based on A-a gradient ===
+Respiratory failure patients may have a normal or increased A-a gradient depending upon the etiology of the respiratory failure. The following table outlines the major characteristics:
-===Type 2===
+{{Family tree/start}}
-*Type 2 respiratory failure is defined  build up of carbon dioxide that has been generated by the body. The underlying causes are reduced breathing effort (in the fatigued patient), increased resistance to breathing (such as in [[asthma]]) or an increase in the area of the lung that is not available for gas exchange (such as in [[emphysema]]).
+{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | B01 | | | |B01= Respiratory Failure-decreased SaO2}}
+{{Family tree | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|.|}}
+{{Family tree | | | | | | |C01| | | | | | | |C02|C01=Normal A-a gradient|C02=Increased A-a gradient}}
+{{Family tree | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| |}}
+{{Family tree | | | |D01| | | |D02| |D03| | | | |D04|D01= Normal PaCO2|D02=Increased PaCO2|D03= Hypoxemia does not correct with 100% O2|D04= Hypoxemia corrects with 100% O2}}
+{{Family tree | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | |!| | | | | |!| | |}}
+{{Family tree | | | |E01| | | |E02| | |E03| | | |E04|E01= Decreased FiO2 or decreased PiO2|E02= Hypoventilation (sedation, COPD, asthma, diaphragmatic paralysis or Neuromuscular disease)|E03= True shunt (Left to right shunts, CHF, pneumonia, atelectasis)|E04= Vascular disease (pulmonary embolism), airway disease (COPD, asthma), alveolar filling (CHF, pneumonia)}}
+{{Family tree/end}}
 ==References==
-{{reflist|2}}
+{{Reflist|2}}
+{{WH}}
+{{WS}}
+[[Category:Surgery]]
+[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
+[[Category:Medicine]]
 [[Category:Emergency medicine]]
-[[Category:Intensive care medicine]]
-[[Category:Medical emergencies]]
-[[Category:Organ failure]]
 [[Category:Pulmonology]]
-[[Category:Causes of death]]
+[[Category:Anesthesiology]]
-[[Category:Needs overview]]
-{{WH}}
-{{WS}}