Pulmonary edema primary prevention: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 15:05, 16 March 2018

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farnaz Khalighinejad, MD [2]

Overview

Effective measures for the primary prevention of cardiogenic pulmonary edema include maintaining a healthy lifestyle, avoid tobacco, treat dyslipidemia, low salt diet, controlling hypertension, avoid cardiotoxic agents, controling diabetes. Effective measures for the primary prevention of high-altitude pulmonary edema include, encourage healthy lifestyle and exercise, gradual ascent, preacclimization, avoiding alcohol ingestion, high carbohydrate in diet, adequate hydration, vigorous exertion during the first few days at high altitude, oxygen enrichment.

Primary Prevention

Cardiogenic pulmonary edmea

Cardiogenic pulmonary edema is due to heart-related illnesses. Primary prevention include:^[1]

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle
Avoid tobacco
Treat dyslipidemia
Low salt diet

Controlling hypertension
Avoid cardiotoxic agents

Controling diabetes

Consider additional measures in selected patients:

Administer ACE-I if history of myocardial infarction or acute coronary syndrome and reduced ejection fraction to prevent symptoms and reduce mortality
Administer beta-blockers if history of myocardial infarction or acute coronary syndrome and reduced ejection fraction to reduce mortality
Administer statins if history of myocardial infarction or acute coronary syndrometo prevent symptoms
Consider ICD placement to prevent sudden death if one of the following:
- Asymptomatic ischemic cardiomyopathy
- > 40 days post-MI
- LVEF ≤30%
- On adequate medical therapy
- Good 1 year survival

Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema

High-altitude pulmonary edema
- Effective measures for the primary prevention of altitude sickness include:^[2]^[3]
  - Encourage healthy lifestyle and exercise
  - Gradual ascent
  - Pre-acclimatization
  - Avoiding alcohol ingestion
  - High carbohydrate in diet
  - Adequate hydration
  - Vigorous exertion during the first few days at high altitude
  - Oxygen enrichment
  - Druges
    - Ibuprofen
    - Acetazolamide
    - Sumatriptan
    - Sprinolactone
    - Steroids

Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- For more information about primary intervention in acute respiratory distress syndrome click here.

References

↑ Ware LB, Matthay MA (December 2005). "Clinical practice. Acute pulmonary edema". N. Engl. J. Med. 353 (26): 2788–96. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp052699. PMID 16382065.
↑ Taylor AT (January 2011). "High-altitude illnesses: physiology, risk factors, prevention, and treatment". Rambam Maimonides Med J. 2 (1): e0022. doi:10.5041/RMMJ.10022. PMC 3678789. PMID 23908794.
↑ Murdoch D (March 2010). "Altitude sickness". BMJ Clin Evid. 2010. PMC 2907615. PMID 21718562.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[pmid16382065-1] Ware LB, Matthay MA (December 2005). "Clinical practice. Acute pulmonary edema". N. Engl. J. Med. 353 (26): 2788–96. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp052699. PMID 16382065.

[pmid23908794-2] Taylor AT (January 2011). "High-altitude illnesses: physiology, risk factors, prevention, and treatment". Rambam Maimonides Med J. 2 (1): e0022. doi:10.5041/RMMJ.10022. PMC 3678789. PMID 23908794.

[pmid21718562-3] Murdoch D (March 2010). "Altitude sickness". BMJ Clin Evid. 2010. PMC 2907615. PMID 21718562.

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 ==Overview==
+Effective measures for the primary prevention of cardiogenic pulmonary edema include maintaining a healthy lifestyle, avoid tobacco, treat [[dyslipidemia]], low salt diet, controlling [[hypertension]], avoid [[cardiotoxic]] agents, controling [[diabetes]]. Effective measures for the primary prevention of [[Altitude sickness|high-altitude]] pulmonary edema include, encourage healthy lifestyle and exercise, gradual ascent, preacclimization, avoiding alcohol ingestion, high [[carbohydrate]] in diet, adequate [[hydration]], vigorous exertion during the first few days at high altitude, [[oxygen]] enrichment.
 ==Primary Prevention==
@@ Line 10: / Line 11: @@
 Cardiogenic pulmonary edema is due to heart-related illnesses. Primary prevention include:<ref name="pmid16382065">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ware LB, Matthay MA |title=Clinical practice. Acute pulmonary edema |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=353 |issue=26 |pages=2788–96 |date=December 2005 |pmid=16382065 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp052699 |url=}}</ref>
 * Maintaining a healthy lifestyle
+* Avoid tobacco
+* Treat [[dyslipidemia]]
 * Low salt diet
 * Controlling hypertension
+* Avoid cardiotoxic agents
 * Controling diabetes
+Consider additional measures in selected patients:
+* Administer [[ACE-I]] if history of [[myocardial infarction]] or [[acute coronary syndrome]] and reduced [[ejection fraction]] to prevent symptoms and reduce mortality
+* Administer [[Beta-blocker|beta-blockers]] if history of [[myocardial infarction]] or  [[acute coronary syndrome]] <nowiki/>and reduced [[ejection fraction]] to reduce mortality
+* Administer [[Statin|statins]] if history of [[MI|<nowiki/>]][[myocardial infarction]] or [[acute coronary syndrome]]<nowiki/>to prevent symptoms
+* Consider [[ICD]] placement to prevent sudden death if one of the following:
+** Asymptomatic ischemic [[cardiomyopathy]]
+** > 40 days post-MI
+** [[LVEF]] ≤30%
+** On adequate medical therapy
+** Good 1 year survival
 ==== Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema ====
 * '''High-altitude pulmonary edema'''
-** For more information about primary intervention in High-altitude pulmonary edema [[Altitude sickness primary prevention|click here]].
+** Effective measures for the primary prevention of altitude sickness include:<ref name="pmid23908794">{{cite journal |vauthors=Taylor AT |title=High-altitude illnesses: physiology, risk factors, prevention, and treatment |journal=Rambam Maimonides Med J |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=e0022 |date=January 2011 |pmid=23908794 |pmc=3678789 |doi=10.5041/RMMJ.10022 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21718562">{{cite journal |vauthors=Murdoch D |title=Altitude sickness |journal=BMJ Clin Evid |volume=2010 |issue= |pages= |date=March 2010 |pmid=21718562 |pmc=2907615 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+*** Encourage healthy lifestyle and exercise
+*** Gradual ascent
+*** Pre-acclimatization
+*** Avoiding alcohol ingestion
+*** High [[carbohydrate]] in diet
+*** Adequate hydration
+*** Vigorous exertion during the first few days at high altitude
+*** [[Oxygen]] enrichment
+*** Druges
+**** [[Ibuprofen]]
+**** [[Acetazolamide]]
+**** [[Sumatriptan]]
+**** Sprinolactone
+**** [[Steroids]]
 * '''Acute respiratory distress syndrome'''