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==Differentiating Conn's Syndrome From Other Diseases==
==Differentiating Conn's Syndrome From Other Diseases==
Conn's syndrome should be differentiated from other diseases causing hypertension and hypokalemia for example:<ref name="pmid24800505">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wada N, Jin S, Hui SP, Yanagisawa K, Kurosawa T, Chiba H |title=[Differential diagnosis of primary aldosteronism by measurement of hybrid steroids using mass spectrometry] |language=Japanese |journal=Rinsho Byori |volume=62 |issue=3 |pages=276–82 |year=2014 |pmid=24800505 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
Conn's syndrome should be differentiated from other diseases causing hypertension and hypokalemia for example:<ref name="pmid24800505">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wada N, Jin S, Hui SP, Yanagisawa K, Kurosawa T, Chiba H |title=[Differential diagnosis of primary aldosteronism by measurement of hybrid steroids using mass spectrometry] |language=Japanese |journal=Rinsho Byori |volume=62 |issue=3 |pages=276–82 |year=2014 |pmid=24800505 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24800505">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wada N, Jin S, Hui SP, Yanagisawa K, Kurosawa T, Chiba H |title=[Differential diagnosis of primary aldosteronism by measurement of hybrid steroids using mass spectrometry] |language=Japanese |journal=Rinsho Byori |volume=62 |issue=3 |pages=276–82 |year=2014 |pmid=24800505 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22487411">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nielsen ML, Pareek M, Andersen I |title=[Liquorice-induced hypertension and hypokalaemia] |language=Danish |journal=Ugeskr. Laeg. |volume=174 |issue=15 |pages=1024–5 |year=2012 |pmid=22487411 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21962616">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chow KM, Ma RC, Szeto CC, Li PK |title=Polycystic kidney disease presenting with hypertension and hypokalemia |journal=Am. J. Kidney Dis. |volume=59 |issue=2 |pages=270–2 |year=2012 |pmid=21962616 |doi=10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.08.020 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22154539">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sarafidis PA, Georgianos PI, Germanidis G, Giavroglou C, Nikolaidis P, Lasaridis AN, Madias NE |title=Hypertension and symptomatic hypokalemia in a patient with simultaneous unilateral stenoses of intrarenal arteries and mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis |journal=Am. J. Kidney Dis. |volume=59 |issue=3 |pages=434–8 |year=2012 |pmid=22154539 |doi=10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.11.001 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17275580">{{cite journal |vauthors=Khosla N, Hogan D |title=Mineralocorticoid hypertension and hypokalemia |journal=Semin. Nephrol. |volume=26 |issue=6 |pages=434–40 |year=2006 |pmid=17275580 |doi=10.1016/j.semnephrol.2006.10.004 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23953804">{{cite journal |vauthors=Weiner ID |title=Endocrine and hypertensive disorders of potassium regulation: primary aldosteronism |journal=Semin. Nephrol. |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=265–76 |year=2013 |pmid=23953804 |pmc=3748390 |doi=10.1016/j.semnephrol.2013.04.007 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25715092">{{cite journal |vauthors=Martell-Claros N, Abad-Cardiel M, Alvarez-Alvarez B, García-Donaire JA, Pérez CF |title=Primary aldosteronism and its various clinical scenarios |journal=J. Hypertens. |volume=33 |issue=6 |pages=1226–32 |year=2015 |pmid=25715092 |doi=10.1097/HJH.0000000000000546 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10818057">{{cite journal |vauthors=Franse LV, Pahor M, Di Bari M, Somes GW, Cushman WC, Applegate WB |title=Hypokalemia associated with diuretic use and cardiovascular events in the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program |journal=Hypertension |volume=35 |issue=5 |pages=1025–30 |year=2000 |pmid=10818057 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21525970">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rossi E, Farnetti E, Nicoli D, Sazzini M, Perazzoli F, Regolisti G, Grasselli C, Santi R, Negro A, Mazzeo V, Mantero F, Luiselli D, Casali B |title=A clinical phenotype mimicking essential hypertension in a newly discovered family with Liddle's syndrome |journal=Am. J. Hypertens. |volume=24 |issue=8 |pages=930–5 |year=2011 |pmid=21525970 |doi=10.1038/ajh.2011.76 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25968592">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ruecker B, Lang-Muritano M, Spanaus K, Welzel M, l'Allemand D, Phan-Hug F, Katschnig C, Konrad D, Holterhus PM, Schoenle EJ |title=The Aldosterone/Renin Ratio as a Diagnostic Tool for the Diagnosis of Primary Hypoaldosteronism in Newborns and Infants |journal=Horm Res Paediatr |volume=84 |issue=1 |pages=43–8 |year=2015 |pmid=25968592 |doi=10.1159/000381852 |url=}}</ref>
*Renal artery stenosis
*Renal artery stenosis
*Cushing's syndrome
*Cushing's syndrome
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{{familytree | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{familytree | | | | | |I01| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |I02|I01=• Deoxycorticosterone excess( Tumor, 17 alpha hydroxylase and 11 beta hydroxylase deficiency)<br>• Licorice ingestion<br>•Glucocorticoid resistance|I02=Liddle's syndrome)|}}
{{familytree | | | | | |I01| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |I02|I01=• Deoxycorticosterone excess( Tumor, 17 alpha hydroxylase and 11 beta hydroxylase deficiency)<br>• Licorice ingestion<br>•Glucocorticoid resistance|I02=Liddle's syndrome)|}}
==References==
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Revision as of 21:17, 19 July 2017

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Overview

Differentiating Conn's Syndrome From Other Diseases

Conn's syndrome should be differentiated from other diseases causing hypertension and hypokalemia for example:[1][1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]

  • Renal artery stenosis
  • Cushing's syndrome
  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
    • 17 alpha hydroxylase deficiency
    • 11 beta hydroxylase deficiency
  • Liddle's syndrome
  • Diuretic use
  • Licorice ingestion
  • Renin-secreting tumors

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Wada N, Jin S, Hui SP, Yanagisawa K, Kurosawa T, Chiba H (2014). "[Differential diagnosis of primary aldosteronism by measurement of hybrid steroids using mass spectrometry]". Rinsho Byori (in Japanese). 62 (3): 276–82. PMID 24800505.
  2. ↑ Nielsen ML, Pareek M, Andersen I (2012). "[Liquorice-induced hypertension and hypokalaemia]". Ugeskr. Laeg. (in Danish). 174 (15): 1024–5. PMID 22487411.
  3. ↑ Chow KM, Ma RC, Szeto CC, Li PK (2012). "Polycystic kidney disease presenting with hypertension and hypokalemia". Am. J. Kidney Dis. 59 (2): 270–2. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.08.020. PMID 21962616.
  4. ↑ Sarafidis PA, Georgianos PI, Germanidis G, Giavroglou C, Nikolaidis P, Lasaridis AN, Madias NE (2012). "Hypertension and symptomatic hypokalemia in a patient with simultaneous unilateral stenoses of intrarenal arteries and mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis". Am. J. Kidney Dis. 59 (3): 434–8. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.11.001. PMID 22154539.
  5. ↑ Khosla N, Hogan D (2006). "Mineralocorticoid hypertension and hypokalemia". Semin. Nephrol. 26 (6): 434–40. doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2006.10.004. PMID 17275580.
  6. ↑ Weiner ID (2013). "Endocrine and hypertensive disorders of potassium regulation: primary aldosteronism". Semin. Nephrol. 33 (3): 265–76. doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2013.04.007. PMC 3748390. PMID 23953804.
  7. ↑ Martell-Claros N, Abad-Cardiel M, Alvarez-Alvarez B, García-Donaire JA, Pérez CF (2015). "Primary aldosteronism and its various clinical scenarios". J. Hypertens. 33 (6): 1226–32. doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000000546. PMID 25715092.
  8. ↑ Franse LV, Pahor M, Di Bari M, Somes GW, Cushman WC, Applegate WB (2000). "Hypokalemia associated with diuretic use and cardiovascular events in the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program". Hypertension. 35 (5): 1025–30. PMID 10818057.
  9. ↑ Rossi E, Farnetti E, Nicoli D, Sazzini M, Perazzoli F, Regolisti G, Grasselli C, Santi R, Negro A, Mazzeo V, Mantero F, Luiselli D, Casali B (2011). "A clinical phenotype mimicking essential hypertension in a newly discovered family with Liddle's syndrome". Am. J. Hypertens. 24 (8): 930–5. doi:10.1038/ajh.2011.76. PMID 21525970.
  10. ↑ Ruecker B, Lang-Muritano M, Spanaus K, Welzel M, l'Allemand D, Phan-Hug F, Katschnig C, Konrad D, Holterhus PM, Schoenle EJ (2015). "The Aldosterone/Renin Ratio as a Diagnostic Tool for the Diagnosis of Primary Hypoaldosteronism in Newborns and Infants". Horm Res Paediatr. 84 (1): 43–8. doi:10.1159/000381852. PMID 25968592.

Template:WH Template:WS

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hypertension and Hypokalemia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Plasma renin activity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Normal or High (Plasma Renin/Aldosterone ratio <10
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Suppressed (Plasma Renin/Aldosterone ratio >20
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*Renin-secreting tumors
*Diuretic use
*Renovascular hypertension
*Coarctation of aorta
*Malignant phase hypertension
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Urinary aldosterone
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Elevated
 
Normal
 
 
Low
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Conn's syndrome (Primary aldosteronism)
 
Profound K+ depletion
 
 
• 17 alpha hydroxylase deficiency
• 11 beta hydroxylase deficiency
• Liddle's syndrome
• Licorice ingestion
• Deoxycortisone producing tumor
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Add Mineralocrticoid antagonist for 8 weeks
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BP response
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
No BP response
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
• Deoxycorticosterone excess( Tumor, 17 alpha hydroxylase and 11 beta hydroxylase deficiency)
• Licorice ingestion
•Glucocorticoid resistance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liddle's syndrome)
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