Pheochromocytoma risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

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Overview

Pheochromocytoma is more common in people between 40 and 60 years old, men, people with family history of multiple endocrine neoplasia, von Hippel-Lindau disease, neurofibromatosis 1, hereditary paraganglioma syndromes.

Risk Factors

The most portent risk factors of pheochromocytoma are:

  • Age:

The peak incidence of pheochromocytoma occurs in third to fifth decades of life; the average age at diagnosis is 24.9 years in hereditary cases and 43.9 years in sporadic cases.[1]. Hereditary tumors present at a younger age than sporadic.

  • Gender: Men and women are equally affected by pheochromocytoma.[1]
  • Family history: Ten percent of pheochromocytomas are linked to hereditary causes: 
  • Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 is a hereditary condition associated with medullary thyroid cancer and other types of cancer, including pheochromocytoma.
MEN1 MEN2
  • Medullary thyroid cancer,
  • Pheochromocytoma
  • Primary hyperparathyroidism
  • Medullary thyroid cancer
  • Pheochromocytoma
  • Mucosal neuromas
  • Marfanoid habitus
  • Von Hippel-Lindau disease can result in tumors at multiple sites, including the central nervous system, endocrine system, pancreas and kidneys.
  • Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) results in multiple tumors in the skin (neurofibromas), pigmented skin spots and tumors of the optic nerve.
  • Hereditary paraganglioma syndromes are inherited disorders that result in either pheochromocytomas or paragangliomas.

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