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| {{CMG}} | | {{CMG}}{{AE}} |
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| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| '''Personality disorder''', formerly referred to as a ''Character Disorder'' is a class of mental disorders characterized by rigid and on-going patterns of thought and action ''([[Cognitive module]]s)''. The underlying belief systems informing these patterns are referred to as [[Fixed fantasy|fixed fantasies]]. The inflexibility and pervasiveness of these behavioral patterns often cause serious personal and social difficulties, as well as a general impairment of functioning.
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| ==Causes==
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| The causes of personality disorders are unknown. However, many genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role.
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| ==Personality change due to other medical conditions==
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| ==Differential Diagnosis==
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| *Severe head trauma
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| *Depressive disorder
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| *Brain tumor
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| *Unspecified stimulant-related disorder<ref name=DSMV>{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref>
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| ===Epidemiology and Demographics=== | | ==Historical Perspective== |
| ====Prevalence====
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| The prevalence of personality change due to another medical condition is unknown.<ref name=DSMV>{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref>
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| ===Risk Factors=== | | ==Classification== |
| *Central nervous system neoplasms
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| *Head trauma
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| *Cerebrovascular disease
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| *Huntington's disease
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| *Epilepsy
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| *Infectious conditions with central nervous system involvement (e.g., HIV),
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| *Hypothyroidism,
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| *Hypoadrenocorticism
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| *Hyperadrenocorticism), and
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| *Autoimmune conditions with central nervous system involvement (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus)<ref name=DSMV>{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref>.
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| ===Natural History, Complications and Prognosis=== | | ==Pathophysiology== |
| Poor prognostic factors include:
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| *Substance use disorder
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| *Depressive personality disorder
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| *Brain tumor
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| ===Diagnosis Criteria=== | | ==Causes== |
| ====DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Borderline Personality Disorder<ref name=DSMV>{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref>====
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| * A. A persistent personality disturbance that represents a change from the individual’s previous characteristic personality pattern.
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| <SMALL>Note: In children, the disturbance involves a marked deviation from normal development or a significant change in the child’s usual behavior patterns, lasting at least 1 year.</SMALL>
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| '''''AND'''''
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| * B. There is evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings that the disturbance is the direct pathophysiological consequence of another medical condition.
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| '''''AND'''''
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| * C. The disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder (including another mental disorder due to another medical condition).
| | ==Differentiating Personality disorder from Other Diseases== |
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| '''''AND'''''
| | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== |
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| * D. The disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of a delirium.
| | ==Risk Factors== |
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| '''''AND'''''
| | ==Screening== |
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| * E. The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
| | ==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== |
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| ''Specify whether:''
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| *'''Labile type:''' If the predominant feature is affective lability.
| | ==Diagnosis== |
| | ===Diagnostic Study of Choice=== |
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| '''''OR'''''
| | ===History and Symptoms=== |
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| *'''Disinhibited type:''' If the predominant feature is poor impulse control as evidenced by sexual indiscretions, etc.
| | ===Physical Examination=== |
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| '''''OR'''''
| | ===Laboratory Findings=== |
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| *'''Aggressive type:''' If the predominant feature is aggressive behavior.
| | ===Electrocardiogram=== |
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| '''''OR'''''
| | ===X-ray=== |
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| *'''Apathetic type:''' If the predominant feature is marked apathy and indifference.
| | ===Echocardiography and Ultrasound=== |
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| '''''OR'''''
| | ===CT scan=== |
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| *'''Paranoid type:''' If the predominant feature is suspiciousness or paranoid ideation.
| | ===MRI=== |
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| '''''OR'''''
| | ===Other Imaging Findings=== |
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| *'''Other type:''' If the presentation is not characterized by any of the above subtypes.
| | ===Other Diagnostic Studies=== |
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| '''''OR'''''
| | ==Treatment== |
| | ===Medical Therapy=== |
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| *'''Combined type:''' If more than one feature predominates in the clinical picture.
| | === Interventions === |
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| '''''OR'''''
| | ===Surgery=== |
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| *'''Unspecified type'''
| | ===Primary Prevention=== |
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| <SMALL>Coding note: Include the name of the other medical condition (e.g., 310.1 [F07.0] person ality change due to temporal lobe epilepsy). The other medical condition should be coded and listed separately immediately before the personality disorder due to another medical condition (e.g., 345.40 [G40.209] temporal lobe epilepsy; 310.1 [F07.0] personality change due to temporal lobe epilepsy).<SMALL>
| | ===Secondary Prevention=== |
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