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==Overview==
 
Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy according to the common causes of it, include: [[Blood glucose]], [[HbA1c]], [[Thyroid function tests]], [[BUN]], [[Creatinine|cr eatinine]], [[serum calcium]], [[K]], [[Na]], [[CL]],[[ CBC]]; [[Vitamin B12|serum vitamin B12,]] plasma [[vitamin B6|vitamin B6,]] plasma [[vitamin B6]],  [[vitamin B1]], serum [[vitamin E]], serum [[folate]], [[Lead]], [[Arsenic]], [[Mercury]], 24-hour urine [[heavy metals]] panel ,[[Calcium channel]] [[autoantibodies]] to rule out eaton lambert disease, anti acidic glycosphingolipids sialosyl paragloboside antibodies, anti sialosyl lactosaminyl paragloboside antibodies, anti sulfated glucuronyl paragloboside antibodies, [[ANA]], dsDNA antibodies, ayclic citrullinated peptide antibody, [[rheumatoid factor]], [[Anti neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody]], [[Myeloperoxidase]] antibody, [[Cryoglobulins]], [[Hepatitis B]] and [[C]] serology, [[Parvovirus]] serology, [[HIV-1]]<nowiki/>roteinase 3 antibody, [[Mitochondrion|mitochondrial antibody]], SS-A/Ro antibody, SS-B/La antibody, thyroid peroxidase antibody, Kappa/lambda light chains and free with ratio in serum, [[Nerve biopsies]], [[Liver function tests]], [[Renal function tests]], AIP (a urine [[porphobilinogen]]), [[Serum]] [[drugs]] level and [[Bone marrow biopsy]].
 
==Laboratory Findings==
 
Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy according to the common causes of it, include:
* Tests for diagnosis the [[endocrine]] and [[Metabolic|metabolic Diseases]] which may cause peripheral neuropathy include:<ref name="pmid25654063">{{cite journal| author=Yu J| title=Endocrine disorders and the neurologic manifestations. | journal=Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab | year= 2014 | volume= 19 | issue= 4 | pages= 184-90 | pmid=25654063 | doi=10.6065/apem.2014.19.4.184 | pmc=4316409 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25654063  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23929529">{{cite journal| author=Callaghan B, Feldman E| title=The metabolic syndrome and neuropathy: therapeutic challenges and opportunities. | journal=Ann Neurol | year= 2013 | volume= 74 | issue= 3 | pages= 397-403 | pmid=23929529 | doi=10.1002/ana.23986 | pmc=3881591 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23929529  }} </ref>
** [[Blood glucose]]
** [[HbA1c]]
** [[Thyroid function tests]]
** [[BUN]]
** [[Creatinine]]
** [[serum calcium]], [[K]], [[Na]], [[CL]]
* Tests for diagnosis the [[Nutritional]] Diseases and [[vitamin deficiencies]] which may cause peripheral neuropathy include:<ref name="pmid23642720">{{cite journal| author=Hammond N, Wang Y, Dimachkie MM, Barohn RJ| title=Nutritional neuropathies. | journal=Neurol Clin | year= 2013 | volume= 31 | issue= 2 | pages= 477-89 | pmid=23642720 | doi=10.1016/j.ncl.2013.02.002 | pmc=4199287 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23642720  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17324726">{{cite journal| author=Kumar N| title=Nutritional neuropathies. | journal=Neurol Clin | year= 2007 | volume= 25 | issue= 1 | pages= 209-55 | pmid=17324726 | doi=10.1016/j.ncl.2006.11.001 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17324726  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22970351">{{cite journal| author=Becker DA, Balcer LJ, Galetta SL| title=The Neurological Complications of Nutritional Deficiency following Bariatric Surgery. | journal=J Obes | year= 2012 | volume= 2012 | issue=  | pages= 608534 | pmid=22970351 | doi=10.1155/2012/608534 | pmc=3432875 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22970351  }} </ref>
**[[ CBC]]; [[serum vitamin B12]]
** Plasma [[vitamin B6]]
** Plasma [[vitamin B6]]
** Blood [[vitamin B1]]
** Serum [[vitamin E]]
** Serum [[folate]]
* Tests for diagnosis the heavy [[Metal|metal toxicities]] which may cause peripheral neuropathy include:<ref name="pmid25184144">{{cite journal| author=Sharma B, Singh S, Siddiqi NJ| title=Biomedical implications of heavy metals induced imbalances in redox systems. | journal=Biomed Res Int | year= 2014 | volume= 2014 | issue=  | pages= 640754 | pmid=25184144 | doi=10.1155/2014/640754 | pmc=4145541 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25184144  }} </ref>
**[[Lead]]
**[[Arsenic]]
**[[Mercury]]
**24-hour urine [[heavy metals]] panel
 
* Tests for diagnosis the diseases which produce [[autoantibodies]] against [[peripheral nerves]] such as [[Guillain-Barré syndrome]] and [[chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy]] and eaton lambert disease:<ref name="pmid8862128">{{cite journal| author=Yuki N, Tagawa Y, Handa S| title=Autoantibodies to peripheral nerve glycosphingolipids SPG, SLPG, and SGPG in Guillain-Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. | journal=J Neuroimmunol | year= 1996 | volume= 70 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-6 | pmid=8862128 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8862128  }} </ref><ref name="pmid1645944">{{cite journal| author=Leys K, Lang B, Johnston I, Newsom-Davis J| title=Calcium channel autoantibodies in the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. | journal=Ann Neurol | year= 1991 | volume= 29 | issue= 3 | pages= 307-14 | pmid=1645944 | doi=10.1002/ana.410290313 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1645944  }} </ref>
**[[Calcium channel]] [[autoantibodies]] to rule out eaton lambert disease
**Anti acidic glycosphingolipids sialosyl paragloboside antibodies
**Anti sialosyl lactosaminyl paragloboside antibodies
**Anti sulfated glucuronyl paragloboside antibodies
 
* Rheumatologic, Autoimmune, and Vasculitic Disease:<ref name="pmid25299283">{{cite journal| author=Staff NP, Windebank AJ| title=Peripheral neuropathy due to vitamin deficiency, toxins, and medications. | journal=Continuum (Minneap Minn) | year= 2014 | volume= 20 | issue= 5 Peripheral Nervous System Disorders | pages= 1293-306 | pmid=25299283 | doi=10.1212/01.CON.0000455880.06675.5a | pmc=4208100 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25299283  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16207324">{{cite journal| author=Bonaci-Nikolic B, Nikolic MM, Andrejevic S, Zoric S, Bukilica M| title=Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated autoimmune diseases induced by antithyroid drugs: comparison with idiopathic ANCA vasculitides. | journal=Arthritis Res Ther | year= 2005 | volume= 7 | issue= 5 | pages= R1072-81 | pmid=16207324 | doi=10.1186/ar1789 | pmc=1257438 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16207324  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25954277">{{cite journal| author=Silva de Souza AW| title=Autoantibodies in systemic vasculitis. | journal=Front Immunol | year= 2015 | volume= 6 | issue=  | pages= 184 | pmid=25954277 | doi=10.3389/fimmu.2015.00184 | pmc=4406058 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25954277  }} </ref><ref name="pmid20944818">{{cite journal| author=Nam TS, Lee SH, Park MS, Choi KH, Kim JT, Choi SM et al.| title=Mononeuropathy multiplex in a patient with chronic active hepatitis B. | journal=J Clin Neurol | year= 2010 | volume= 6 | issue= 3 | pages= 156-8 | pmid=20944818 | doi=10.3988/jcn.2010.6.3.156 | pmc=2950922 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20944818 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9480721">{{cite journal| author=Wahren M, Tengnér P, Gunnarsson I, Lundberg I, Hedfors E, Ringertz NR et al.| title=Ro/SS-A and La/SS-B antibody level variation in patients with Sjögren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. | journal=J Autoimmun | year= 1998 | volume= 11 | issue= 1 | pages= 29-38 | pmid=9480721 | doi=10.1006/jaut.1997.0173 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9480721  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25865251">{{cite journal| author=Della-Torre E, Lanzillotta M, Doglioni C| title=Immunology of IgG4-related disease. | journal=Clin Exp Immunol | year= 2015 | volume= 181 | issue= 2 | pages= 191-206 | pmid=25865251 | doi=10.1111/cei.12641 | pmc=4516435 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25865251 }} </ref>
**[[ANA]], dsDNA antibodies
**Cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, [[rheumatoid factor]]
**[[Anti neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody]]
**[[Myeloperoxidase]] antibody
**[[Cryoglobulins]]
**[[Hepatitis B]] and [[C]] serology
**[[Parvovirus]] serology
**[[HIV-1]] serology
**Proteinase 3 antibody
**Mitochondrial antibody
**SS-A/Ro antibody, SS-B/La antibody
**Thyroid peroxidase antibody
**Kappa/lambda light chains and free with ratio in serum
 
* Tests for diagnosis the other common causes of peripheral neuropathy include:
**[[Nerve biopsies]]<ref name="pmid22192700">{{cite journal| author=Weis J, Brandner S, Lammens M, Sommer C, Vallat JM| title=Processing of nerve biopsies: a practical guide for neuropathologists. | journal=Clin Neuropathol | year= 2012 | volume= 31 | issue= 1 | pages= 7-23 | pmid=22192700 | doi= | pmc=3663462 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22192700 }} </ref>
**[[Liver function tests]]<ref name="pmid25506162">{{cite journal| author=Jain J, Singh R, Banait S, Verma N, Waghmare S| title=Magnitude of peripheral neuropathy in cirrhosis of liver patients from central rural India. | journal=Ann Indian Acad Neurol | year= 2014 | volume= 17 | issue= 4 | pages= 409-15 | pmid=25506162 | doi=10.4103/0972-2327.144012 | pmc=4251014 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25506162  }} </ref>
**[[Renal function tests]]<ref name="pmid27867500">{{cite journal| author=Arnold R, Issar T, Krishnan AV, Pussell BA| title=Neurological complications in chronic kidney disease. | journal=JRSM Cardiovasc Dis | year= 2016 | volume= 5 | issue=  | pages= 2048004016677687 | pmid=27867500 | doi=10.1177/2048004016677687 | pmc=5102165 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27867500  }} </ref>
**AIP (a urine [[porphobilinogen]])<ref name="pmid20844651">{{cite journal| author=Ghosh S, Chaudhury PK, Goswami HK| title=An analysis of six cases of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP). | journal=Indian J Psychiatry | year= 2006 | volume= 48 | issue= 3 | pages= 189-92 | pmid=20844651 | doi=10.4103/0019-5545.31584 | pmc=2932991 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20844651 }} </ref>
**[[Serum]] [[drugs]] level<ref name="pmid19893645">{{cite journal| author=Misra UK, Kalita J, Nair PP| title=Diagnostic approach to peripheral neuropathy. | journal=Ann Indian Acad Neurol | year= 2008 | volume= 11 | issue= 2 | pages= 89-97 | pmid=19893645 | doi=10.4103/0972-2327.41875 | pmc=2771953 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19893645  }} </ref><ref name="pmid219931">{{cite journal| author=Argov Z, Mastaglia FL| title=Drug-induced peripheral neuropathies. | journal=Br Med J | year= 1979 | volume= 1 | issue= 6164 | pages= 663-6 | pmid=219931 | doi= | pmc=1598252 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=219931  }} </ref>
**[[Bone marrow biopsy]]<ref name="pmid26821540">{{cite journal| author=Rison RA, Beydoun SR| title=Paraproteinemic neuropathy: a practical review. | journal=BMC Neurol | year= 2016 | volume= 16 | issue=  | pages= 13 | pmid=26821540 | doi=10.1186/s12883-016-0532-4 | pmc=4731930 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26821540  }} </ref>
 
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Latest revision as of 14:48, 4 September 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]

Overview

Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy according to the common causes of it, include: Blood glucose, HbA1c, Thyroid function tests, BUN, cr eatinine, serum calcium, K, Na, CL,CBC; serum vitamin B12, plasma vitamin B6, plasma vitamin B6, vitamin B1, serum vitamin E, serum folate, Lead, Arsenic, Mercury, 24-hour urine heavy metals panel ,Calcium channel autoantibodies to rule out eaton lambert disease, anti acidic glycosphingolipids sialosyl paragloboside antibodies, anti sialosyl lactosaminyl paragloboside antibodies, anti sulfated glucuronyl paragloboside antibodies, ANA, dsDNA antibodies, ayclic citrullinated peptide antibody, rheumatoid factor, Anti neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, Myeloperoxidase antibody, Cryoglobulins, Hepatitis B and C serology, Parvovirus serology, HIV-1roteinase 3 antibody, mitochondrial antibody, SS-A/Ro antibody, SS-B/La antibody, thyroid peroxidase antibody, Kappa/lambda light chains and free with ratio in serum, Nerve biopsies, Liver function tests, Renal function tests, AIP (a urine porphobilinogen), Serum drugs level and Bone marrow biopsy.

Laboratory Findings

Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy according to the common causes of it, include:

References

  1. ↑ Yu J (2014). "Endocrine disorders and the neurologic manifestations". Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 19 (4): 184–90. doi:10.6065/apem.2014.19.4.184. PMC 4316409. PMID 25654063.
  2. ↑ Callaghan B, Feldman E (2013). "The metabolic syndrome and neuropathy: therapeutic challenges and opportunities". Ann Neurol. 74 (3): 397–403. doi:10.1002/ana.23986. PMC 3881591. PMID 23929529.
  3. ↑ Hammond N, Wang Y, Dimachkie MM, Barohn RJ (2013). "Nutritional neuropathies". Neurol Clin. 31 (2): 477–89. doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2013.02.002. PMC 4199287. PMID 23642720.
  4. ↑ Kumar N (2007). "Nutritional neuropathies". Neurol Clin. 25 (1): 209–55. doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2006.11.001. PMID 17324726.
  5. ↑ Becker DA, Balcer LJ, Galetta SL (2012). "The Neurological Complications of Nutritional Deficiency following Bariatric Surgery". J Obes. 2012: 608534. doi:10.1155/2012/608534. PMC 3432875. PMID 22970351.
  6. ↑ Sharma B, Singh S, Siddiqi NJ (2014). "Biomedical implications of heavy metals induced imbalances in redox systems". Biomed Res Int. 2014: 640754. doi:10.1155/2014/640754. PMC 4145541. PMID 25184144.
  7. ↑ Yuki N, Tagawa Y, Handa S (1996). "Autoantibodies to peripheral nerve glycosphingolipids SPG, SLPG, and SGPG in Guillain-Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy". J Neuroimmunol. 70 (1): 1–6. PMID 8862128.
  8. ↑ Leys K, Lang B, Johnston I, Newsom-Davis J (1991). "Calcium channel autoantibodies in the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome". Ann Neurol. 29 (3): 307–14. doi:10.1002/ana.410290313. PMID 1645944.
  9. ↑ Staff NP, Windebank AJ (2014). "Peripheral neuropathy due to vitamin deficiency, toxins, and medications". Continuum (Minneap Minn). 20 (5 Peripheral Nervous System Disorders): 1293–306. doi:10.1212/01.CON.0000455880.06675.5a. PMC 4208100. PMID 25299283.
  10. ↑ Bonaci-Nikolic B, Nikolic MM, Andrejevic S, Zoric S, Bukilica M (2005). "Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated autoimmune diseases induced by antithyroid drugs: comparison with idiopathic ANCA vasculitides". Arthritis Res Ther. 7 (5): R1072–81. doi:10.1186/ar1789. PMC 1257438. PMID 16207324.
  11. ↑ Silva de Souza AW (2015). "Autoantibodies in systemic vasculitis". Front Immunol. 6: 184. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00184. PMC 4406058. PMID 25954277.
  12. ↑ Nam TS, Lee SH, Park MS, Choi KH, Kim JT, Choi SM; et al. (2010). "Mononeuropathy multiplex in a patient with chronic active hepatitis B." J Clin Neurol. 6 (3): 156–8. doi:10.3988/jcn.2010.6.3.156. PMC 2950922. PMID 20944818.
  13. ↑ Wahren M, Tengnér P, Gunnarsson I, Lundberg I, Hedfors E, Ringertz NR; et al. (1998). "Ro/SS-A and La/SS-B antibody level variation in patients with Sjögren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus". J Autoimmun. 11 (1): 29–38. doi:10.1006/jaut.1997.0173. PMID 9480721.
  14. ↑ Della-Torre E, Lanzillotta M, Doglioni C (2015). "Immunology of IgG4-related disease". Clin Exp Immunol. 181 (2): 191–206. doi:10.1111/cei.12641. PMC 4516435. PMID 25865251.
  15. ↑ Weis J, Brandner S, Lammens M, Sommer C, Vallat JM (2012). "Processing of nerve biopsies: a practical guide for neuropathologists". Clin Neuropathol. 31 (1): 7–23. PMC 3663462. PMID 22192700.
  16. ↑ Jain J, Singh R, Banait S, Verma N, Waghmare S (2014). "Magnitude of peripheral neuropathy in cirrhosis of liver patients from central rural India". Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 17 (4): 409–15. doi:10.4103/0972-2327.144012. PMC 4251014. PMID 25506162.
  17. ↑ Arnold R, Issar T, Krishnan AV, Pussell BA (2016). "Neurological complications in chronic kidney disease". JRSM Cardiovasc Dis. 5: 2048004016677687. doi:10.1177/2048004016677687. PMC 5102165. PMID 27867500.
  18. ↑ Ghosh S, Chaudhury PK, Goswami HK (2006). "An analysis of six cases of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP)". Indian J Psychiatry. 48 (3): 189–92. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.31584. PMC 2932991. PMID 20844651.
  19. ↑ Misra UK, Kalita J, Nair PP (2008). "Diagnostic approach to peripheral neuropathy". Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 11 (2): 89–97. doi:10.4103/0972-2327.41875. PMC 2771953. PMID 19893645.
  20. ↑ Argov Z, Mastaglia FL (1979). "Drug-induced peripheral neuropathies". Br Med J. 1 (6164): 663–6. PMC 1598252. PMID 219931.
  21. ↑ Rison RA, Beydoun SR (2016). "Paraproteinemic neuropathy: a practical review". BMC Neurol. 16: 13. doi:10.1186/s12883-016-0532-4. PMC 4731930. PMID 26821540.

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