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{{Paratyphoid fever}}
{{Paratyphoid fever}}
'''For patient information click [[Paratyphoid fever(patient information)|here]]'''
'''For patient information click [[Paratyphoid fever (patient information)|here]]'''


{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}


==Overview==
{{SK}} Enteric fever.
:''This about the disease paratyphoid fever. See [[typhus]] for an unrelated disease with a similar name. [[Typhoid fever]] is a related disease but is caused by a different bacteria.''
'''Paratyphoid fevers''' or '''Enteric fevers''' are a group of enteric illnesses caused by strains of the [[bacterium]] ''[[Salmonella paratyphi]]''.
There are three species of ''Salmonellae'' that cause paratyphoid: ''Salmonella paratyphi A'', ''S. paratyphi B'' ( or ''S. schotmulleri'') and ''S. paratyphi C'' (''S. hirschfeldii'').  


They are transmitted by means of contaminated water or food.
==[[Paratyphoid fever overview|Overview]]==


The paratyphoid bears similarities with typhoid fever, but its course is more benign.
==[[Paratyphoid fever historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


==Paratyphoid A==
==[[Paratyphoid fever classification|Classification]]==
Infections with ''S. Paratyphi A'' are common in Africa, they follow a course similar to typhoid but [[rose spots]] are more abundant and larger.


Diagnosis is made on the base of blood and stool cultures and the results of [[Widal test]] (aglutinnins anti AH).
==[[Paratyphoid fever pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


Paratyphoid A usually responds well to [[chloramphenicol]] or [[co-trimoxazole]] therapy but relapses are frequent.
==[[Paratyphoid fever causes|Causes]]==


==Paratyphoid B==
==[[Paratyphoid fever differential diagnosis|Differentiating Paratyphoid fever from other Diseases]]==
Paratyphoid B is more frequent in Europe. It can present as a typhoid like illness, as a severe gastroenteritis or with features of both. [[Herpes]] labialis, rare in true typhoid fever, is frequently seen in Para B.


Diagnosis is with isolation of the agent in blood or stool and demonstration of antibodies anti BH in the [[Widal test]].
==[[Paratyphoid fever epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


The disease responds well to chloramphenicol or co-trimoxazole.
==[[Paratyphoid fever epidemiology and demographics|Risk Factors]]==


==Paratyphoid C==
==[[Paratyphoid fever natural history|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
Paratyphoid C is a rare infection, generally seen in the Far East. It presents as a [[septicaemia]] with [[metastasis|metastatic]] [[abscess]]es. [[Cholecystitis]] is possible in the course of the disease.


[[Antibody|Antibodies]] to para C are not usually tested and the diagnosis is made with blood cultures.
==[[Paratyphoid fever diagnosis|Diagnosis]]==
[[Paratyphoid fever history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Paratyphoid fever physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Paratyphoid fever laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Paratyphoid fever CT|CT]] |  [[Paratyphoid fever ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Paratyphoid fever other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Paratyphoid fever other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


Chloramphenicol therapy is generally effective.
==Treatment==
[[Paratyphoid fever medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Paratyphoid fever surgery|Surgery]] | [[Paratyphoid fever primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Paratyphoid fever secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Paratyphoid fever cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Paratyphoid fever future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


==Case Studies==
[[Paratyphoid fever case study one|Case #1]]


==Related Chapters==
*[[Typhoid fever]]
{{Bacterial diseases}}
{{Bacterial diseases}}
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[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Bacterial diseases]]
[[Category:Bacterial diseases]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Overview complete]]


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Latest revision as of 18:38, 18 September 2017

Paratyphoid fever Microchapters

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Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Paratyphoid fever from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

CT

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: Enteric fever.

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Paratyphoid fever from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | CT | Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Related Chapters

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