Pancreatic cancer history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Symptoms of pancreatic cancer include jaundice, light-colored stools or dark urine, pain in the upper/middle abdomen and back, weight loss, loss of appetite and fatigue.

History and Symptoms

  • Pancreatic cancer symptoms depend on the site of the tumor within the pancreas and the degree of tumor involvement.
  • In the early stages of pancreatic cancer there are not many noticeable symptoms. As the cancer grows, symptoms may include the following:


Functional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors and their Characteristics
Tumor type and syndrome Location in pancreas Signs and symptoms Circulating biomarkers
Insulinoma (Whipple’s triad)
  • Head, body, tail (evenly distributed)
  • Hypoglycemia, dizziness, sweating, tachycardia, tremulousness, confusion, seizure
  • CgA and CgB, insulin inappropriate for blood glucose level, proinsulin, C-peptide
Gastrinoma (Zollinger–Ellison)
  • Gastrinoma triangle Often extrapancreatic (duodenal); can be found anywhere in gland
  • Gastric acid hypersecretion, peptic ulcer, diarrhea, esophagitis, epigastric pain
  • CgA, gastrin, PP (35%)
VIPoma (Verner– Morrison syndrome, WDHA)
  • Distal pancreas (body and tail) Often spread outside pancreas
  • Watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, achlorhydria (or acidosis)
  • CgA, VIP
Glucagonoma
  • Body and tail of pancreas Often large and spread outside pancreas
  • Diabetes (hyperglycemia), necrolytic migratory erythema, stomatitis, glossitis, angular cheilitis
  • CgA, glucagon, glycentin
Somatostatinoma
  • Pancreatoduodenal groove, ampullary, periampullary
  • Gallstones, diabetes (hyperglycemia), steatorrhea
  • CgA, somatostatin
Ppoma
  • Head of pancreas
  • None
  • CgA, PP

References


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