Osteosarcoma epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Suveenkrishna Pothuru, M.B,B.S. [2]

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Overview

Osteosarcoma is the most common type of malignant bone cancer, accounting for 35% of primary bone malignancies. It is the 8th leading cancer in children under age 15, comprising 2.4% of all malignancies in pediatric patients and about 20% of all primary bone cancers. The overall incidence of osteosarcoma in U.S. population under 24 years of age are estimated at 0.44 cases for 100,000 individuals.[1] Osteosarcoma is slightly more common in males than in females. Primary osteosarcoma typically occurs in young patients (10-20 years) with 75% occurring before the age of 20. Secondary osteosarcoma occurs in the elderly patients.

Epidemilogy and Demographics

  • Osteosarcoma is the most common type of malignant bone cancer, accounting for 35% of primary bone malignancies.
  • Osteosarcoma is the 8th leading cancer in children under age 15, comprising 2.4% of all malignancies in pediatric patients and about 20% of all primary bone cancers.
  • Osteosarcoma affects approximately 400 children under age 20 and 500 adults (most between the ages of 15-30) every year in the USA. Approximately 1/3 of the 900 will die each year.
  • A second peak in incidence occurs in the elderly, usually associated with an underlying bone pathology such as Paget's disease, medullary infarct, or prior irradiation.
  • Although about 90% of patients are able to have limb-salvage surgery, complications, such as infection, prosthetic loosening and non-union, or local tumor recurrence may cause the need for further surgery or amputation.

Incidence

  • The overall incidence of osteosarcoma in U.S. population under 24 years of age are estimated at 0.44 cases for 100,000 individuals.[2]

Location

  • It originates more frequently in the metaphyseal region of tubular long bones, with 42% occurring in the femur, 19% in the tibia, 10% in the humerus, 8% in the skull and jaw, and another 8% in the pelvis.

Gender

  • Osteosarcoma is slightly more common in males (5.4 per million per year) than in females (4.0 per million per year).

Age

  • Primary osteosarcoma typically occurs in young patients (10-20 years) with 75% occurring before the age of 20.
  • Secondary osteosarcoma occurs in the elderly patients.


References

  1. Osteosarcoma. National cancer institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/bone/hp/osteosarcoma-treatment-pdq
  2. Osteosarcoma. National cancer institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/bone/hp/osteosarcoma-treatment-pdq

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